Sound receiving system

1. A sound receiving system, comprising:

a plurality of basic array devices, a plurality of filters and a second sound-mixing output device, wherein each of the plurality of basic array devices has an output terminal connected with one filter, each of the plurality of filters has an output terminal connected with an input terminal of the second sound-mixing output device, and the second sound-mixing output device has an output terminal serving as an output terminal of the sound receiving system;

the basic array device comprises a microphone array, a plurality of time delay circuits and a first sound-mixing output device, wherein the microphone array includes a plurality of microphones longitudinally arranged along a straight line in order, each microphone in the microphone array is separated with a distance from an adjacent microphone of the microphone array of

1

n

⁢

λ

where n is the total number of the microphones in the microphone array and A, and λ is a wavelength defined by a speed of an acoustic wave in air divided by a center frequency of the basic array device;

in the microphone array, each microphone has an output terminal connected with one of the time delay circuits, each time delay circuit has an output terminal connected with an input terminal of the first sound-mixing output device, and the first sound-mixing output device has an output terminal connected with an input terminal of the filter;

the i-th time delay circuit in the basic array device has a delay time defined by adding (n−i) times of unit time to a delay time of the last time delay circuit, where said unit time is a time for an acoustic signal with a frequency at a center frequency given by the basic array device to travel between two adjacent microphones after the acoustic signal axially travelling into the microphone array, n is the total number of the microphones in the microphone array, and i has a value of 1, 2, 3, . . . , or n; and

the total number n of the microphones in the microphone array is an integer greater than or equal to 3;

wherein the center frequencies of the plurality of basic array devices are continuously and evenly arranged with an interval of x/m octaves, where m is the total number of the basic array devices, and x octaves is a total frequency range given in the sound receiving system.

2. The sound receiving system of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of filters is a band-pass filter and the band-pass filter has a center frequency corresponding to the basic array device.

3. The sound receiving system of claim 1 , wherein the number of the microphones in the microphone array of each of the basic array devices is the same.

4. The sound receiving system of claim 2 , wherein bandwidths of the plurality of band-pass filters have a same octave, and the bandwidths of the plurality of band-pass filters cover a given total frequency bandwidth.

5. The sound receiving system of claim 1 , wherein the first filter at the low frequency end in the plurality of filters is a low-pass filter, the last filter at the high frequency end in the plurality of filters is a high-pass filter, the rest plurality of filters are band-pass filters with a frequency corresponding to the center frequency of the basic array device, the bandwidths of the rest plurality of band-pass filters have a same octave.

6. The sound receiving system of claim 1 , wherein the total number n of the microphones in the microphone array is an even number greater than or equal to 4.

7. The sound receiving system of claim 1 , wherein the last microphone in the microphone array of each of the basic array devices is placed together in a same physical location and close to one another.

8. The sound receiving system of claim 1 , wherein the basic array device and the band-pass filter have operating frequency bandwidths that meet directivity requirements.