Compositions and methods comprising porous metal organic frameworks and related uses

1. A metal organic framework (MOF) comprising:

a plurality of metal ions, each coordinated with at least one ligand, wherein each ligand has the structure [Q-(Ar) m ] m− , wherein:

each Ar is the same or different and is an unsaturated N-heterocyclic aromatic group selected from the group consisting of pyrazolate, imidazolate, and tetrazolate;

m is 2; and

Q comprises the structure:

wherein each R 1 is the same or different and is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, —NO 2 , —R′, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CN, —NC, —SO 3 R′, —SO 3 H, —OR′, —OH, —SR′, —SH, —PO 3 R′, —PO 3 H, —CF 3 , —NR′ 2 , —NHR′, and —NH 2 , wherein each R′ is the same or different and is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted aryl.

2. The MOF of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the metal ions are associated with two, three, or four ligands, and each of those ligands is individually associated with two metal ions.

3. The MOF of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the metal ions are associated with four ligands, and each of those ligand is individually associated with two metal ions.

4. The MOF of claim 1 , wherein each unsaturated N-heterocyclic group is a pyrazolate group.

5. The MOF of claim 1 , wherein each metal ion is a monovalent, divalent, or trivalent metal ion.

6. The MOF of claim 1 , wherein each metal ion is selected from the group consisting of Ag + , Cu + , and Au + .

7. The MOF of claim 1 , wherein each metal ion is selected from the group consisting of Mg 2+ , Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Pd 2+ , Pt 2+ , Ru 2+ , Cd 2+ , Zn 2+ , Pb 2+ , Hg 2+ , V 2+ , Cr 2+ , and Ni +2 .

8. The MOF of claim 1 , wherein each metal ion is Zn 2+ .

9. The MOF of claim 1 , wherein each metal ion is selected from the group consisting of Fe 3+ , V 3+ , Ti 3+ , Sc 3+ , Al 3+ , In 3+ , Ga 3+ , Mn 3+ , Co 3+ , and Cr 3+ .

10. The MOF of claim 1 , wherein the ligand comprises the structure:

wherein:

each R 1 is the same or different and is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, —NO 2 , —R′, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CN, —NC, —SO 3 R′, —SO 3 H, —OR′, —OH, —SR′, —SH, —PO 3 R′, —PO 3 H, —CF 3 , —NR′ 2 , —NHR′, and —NH 2 ;

each L is the same or different and is absent or selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkylene, optionally substituted heteroalkylene, optionally substituted arylene, and optionally substituted heteroarylene; and

each R′ is the same or different and is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted aryl.

11. The MOF of claim 10 , wherein the ligand comprises the structure:

wherein:

each R 1 is the same or different and is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, —NO 2 , —R′, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CN, —NC, —SO 3 R′, —SO 3 H, —OR′, —OH, —SR′, —SH, —PO 3 R′, —PO 3 H, —CF 3 , —NR′ 2 , —NHR′, and —NH 2 ; and

each R′ is the same or different and is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted aryl.

12. The MOF of claim 10 , wherein each R 1 is hydrogen, halide, NHR′, or SR′, wherein each R′ is the same or different and is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted aryl.

13. The MOF of claim 10 , wherein each R 1 is hydrogen, Br, NHEt, or SEt.

14. The MOF of claim 1 , wherein the MOF is porous.

15. A method, comprising:

using an MOF for water adsorption, wherein the MOF comprising a plurality of metal ions, each coordinated with at least one ligand,

wherein each ligand has the structure [Q-(Ar) m ] m− ,

wherein each Ar is the same or different and is an unsaturated N-heterocyclic aromatic selected from the group consisting of pyrazolate, triazolate, and tetrazolate, m is 2, 3, or 4, and Q comprises the structure:

wherein each R 1 is the same or different and is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, —NO 2 , —R′, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CN, —NC, —SO 3 R′, —SO 3 H, —OR′, —OH, —SR′, —SH, —PO 3 R′, —CF 3 —NR′ 2 , —NHR′, and —NH 2 , wherein each R′ is the same or different and is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted aryl.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein m is 2.

17. The method of claim 15 , wherein a portion of the metal ions are associated with four ligands, and each of those ligand is individually associated with two metal ions.

18. The method of claim 15 , wherein each ligand comprises two pyrazolates.

19. The method of claim 15 , wherein each metal ion is selected from the group consisting of Mg 2+ , Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Pd 2+ , Pt 2+ , Ru 2+ , Cd 2+ , Zn 2+ , Pb 2+ , Hg 2+ , V 2+ , Cr 2+ , and Ni +2 .

20. The method of claim 15 , wherein each metal ion is Zn 2+ .

21. The method of claim 15 , wherein the ligand comprises the structure:

wherein:

each R 1 is the same or different and is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, —NO 2 , —R′, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CN, —NC, —SO 3 R′, —SO 3 H, —OR′, —OH, —SR′, —SH, —PO 3 R′, —PO 3 H, —CF 3 , —NR′ 2 , —NHR′, and —NH 2 ;

each L is the same or different and is absent or selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkylene, optionally substituted heteroalkylene, optionally substituted arylene, and optionally substituted heteroarylene; and

each R′ is the same or different and is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted aryl.

22. The method of claim 15 , wherein the ligand comprises the structure:

wherein:

each R 1 is the same or different and is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, —NO 2 , —R′, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CN, —NC, —SO 3 R′, —SO 3 H, —OR′, —OH, —SR′, —SH, —PO 3 R′, —PO 3 H, —CF 3 , —NR′ 2 , —NHR′, and —NH 2 ; and

each R′ is the same or different and is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted aryl.

23. The method of claim 15 , wherein the water uptake of the MOF at a relative humidity of approximately 40% is between about 0.2 and about 2 g of water per gram of MOF.

24. A metal organic framework (MOF) comprising:

a plurality of metal ions, each coordinated with at least one ligand, wherein each ligand has the structure [Q-(Ar) m ] m− , wherein:

each Ar is the same or different and is an unsaturated N-heterocyclic aromatic group selected from the group consisting of pyrazolate, triazolate, imidazolate, and tetrazolate;

m is 2; and

Q comprises the structure:

wherein each R 1 is the same or different and is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, —NO 2 , —R′, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CN, —NC, —SO 3 R′, —SO 3 H, —OR′, —OH, —SR′, —SH, —PO 3 R′, —PO 3 H, —CF 3 , —NR′ 2 , —NHR′, and —NH 2 , wherein each R′ is the same or different and is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted aryl.

25. The MOF of claim 2 , wherein each Ar is triazolate.