Encapsulation of thermal energy storage media
In one embodiment, a phase change material is encapsulated by forming a phase change material pellet, coating the pellet with flexible material, heating the coated pellet to melt the phase change material, wherein the phase change materials expands and air within the pellet diffuses out through the flexible material, and cooling the coated pellet to solidify the phase change material.
1. A method for encapsulating phase change material, the method comprising:
forming a phase change material pellet;
coating the pellet with a flexible, air-permeable, polymeric material to form a polymer-coated pellet;
heating the polymer-coated pellet to melt the phase change material, wherein the phase change materials expands and air within the pellet diffuses out through the flexible polymeric material;
cooling the polymer-coated pellet to solidify the phase change material and form an internal void within the pellet; and
depositing metal on the polymer-coated pellet to form a rigid phase change material capsule.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the phase change material comprises a salt, a salt mixture, or a salt eutectic.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric material is selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), polyimide, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and combinations thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein coating the pellet with a flexible polymeric material comprises first coating the pellet with a first polymeric material and then coating the pellet with a second polymeric material.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the first polymeric material is selected from the group comprising polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), and mixtures thereof.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the second polymeric material is selected from the group comprising polyimide, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and mixtures thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein depositing metal comprises first applying binding metal to the polymer-coated pellet that renders the flexible polymeric material hydrophilic.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein applying binding metal comprises applying nickel, palladium, aluminum, copper, or alloys thereof to the polymer-coated pellet.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein depositing metal further comprises electrolessly depositing metal on the polymer-coated pellet to render it electrically conductive.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein electrolessly depositing metal comprises electrolessly depositing one or more of copper, nickel, tin, palladium, cobalt, silver, and zinc.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein depositing metal further comprises electroplating the polymer-coated pellet.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein electroplating comprises plating the polymer-coated pellet with one or more of copper, nickel, tin, palladium, cobalt, silver, and zinc.
13. A phase change material capsule comprising:
a phase change material core that includes an internal void into which molten phase change material can expand;
a layer of air-permeable flexible polymeric material that encapsulates the phase change material core; and
a layer of metal that covers the layer of flexible polymeric material that comprises one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), and perfluoroalkoxy (PFA).
14. The capsule of claim 13 , wherein the phase change material core comprises a salt, salt mixture, or a salt eutectic.
15. The capsule of claim 13 , the polymeric material further comprises one or more of polyimide and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
16. The capsule of claim 13 , wherein metal is selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, tin, palladium, cobalt, silver, zinc, and alloys thereof.