Method for reducing neutral oil losses during neutralization step
A method for reducing neutral oil losses during a neutralization step including (1) mixing an acid-treated vegetable oil with a base to neutralize (a) free fatty acid and (b) added acid in the acid-treated vegetable oil to obtain a pretreated mixture; (2) subjecting the pretreated mixture to at least two successive cycles of localized shear effects, each cycle including a step of forcing the pretreated mixture at a pressure through one or more nozzles, each cycle of localized shear effects having a shear duration time of less than 5×10 −5 seconds and a shear rate of at least about 6000 sec −1 .
1. A method for reducing neutral oil losses during a neutralization step comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing an acid-treated vegetable oil with a base to neutralize (a) free fatty acid and (b) added acid in the acid-treated vegetable oil to obtain a pretreated mixture;
(2) subjecting the pretreated mixture to at least two cycles of localized shear effects, said cycles being arranged in succession, each cycle comprising a step of forcing the pretreated mixture at a pressure through one or more nozzles, each cycle of localized shear effects having a shear duration time of less than 5×10 −5 seconds and a shear rate of at least 6000 sec −1 .
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a residence time period between the two successive cycles exceeds 2.0 milliseconds.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the one or more nozzles of each cycle has an inside opening ranging from about 0.5 mm to about 4 mm.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acid-treated vegetable oil was treated with an acid selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, ascorbic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, glycolic acid and combinations thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium silicate, sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, and combinations thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acid-treated vegetable oil is an acid-treated crude vegetable oil or an acid-treated water-degummed vegetable oil.
7. The method of claim 2 , wherein the residence time period is a shear relief residence time of the pretreated mixture between said steps of forcing the pretreated mixture at a pressure through one or more nozzles.
8. The method of claim 3 , wherein each of the one or more nozzles of each cycle has an opening selected from a circular, non-circular, elliptical, rectangular, annular, polygonal or slit type sectional shape.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the acid-treated vegetable oil is selected from the group consisting of acai oil, almond oil, babassu oil, blackcurrent seed oil, borage seed oil, canola oil, cashew oil, castor oil, coconut oil, coriander oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, crambe oil, flax seed oil, grape seed oil, hazelnut oil, hempseed oil, jatropha oil, jojoba oil, linseed oil, macadamia nut oil, mango kernel oil, meadowfoam oil, mustard oil, neat's foot oil, olive oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, palm olein, peanut oil, pecan oil, pine nut oil, pistachio oil, poppy seed oil, rapeseed oil, rice bran oil, safflower oil, sasanqua oil, sesame oil, shea butter, soybean oil, sunflower seed oil, tall oil, tsubaki oil, walnut oil and combinations thereof.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least three of the cycles of localized shear effects are arranged in succession.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least five of the cycles of localized shear effects are arranged in succession.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least ten of the of localized shear effects are arranged in succession.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least twenty of the of localized shear effects are arranged in succession.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said shear rate is at least 20000 sec −1 .