Device pairing
A technique for facilitating connection establishment between wireless devices is provided. According to an example embodiment, the technique comprises storing, at an apparatus for wireless communication, one or more default authentication keys for authenticating a wireless device that is not paired with the apparatus; selectively operating the apparatus in one of predefined states, said states comprising at least a first state where the apparatus is connectable but not discoverable by other wireless devices; verifying, in response to having received, when the apparatus is operated in said first state, a connection request from a first wireless device that is not paired with the apparatus, whether at least one of said authentication keys is a valid authentication key for said first wireless device, and establishing, in response to having found at least one of said authentication keys to be a valid authentication key for said first wireless device, an authenticated connection with said first wireless device.
1. An apparatus comprising:
at least one processor; and
at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform:
creating, in an initial pairing procedure with a first wireless device, one or more dedicated authentication keys for authenticating the first wireless device;
receiving, in connection with the initial pairing procedure with the first wireless device, one or more default authentication keys for authenticating a second wireless device that is not paired with the apparatus;
storing the one or more dedicated authentication keys for authenticating the first wireless device that is paired with the apparatus;
storing, in connection with the initial pairing procedure with the first wireless device, the one or more default authentication keys for authenticating the second wireless device that is not paired with the apparatus, said one or more default authentication keys being different than said one or more dedicated authentication keys;
selectively operating the apparatus in one of predefined states, said states comprising at least a first state where the apparatus is connectable but not discoverable by other wireless devices;
receiving connection requests from other wireless devices;
responsive to receiving, when the apparatus is operated in said first state, a connection request from the second wireless device that is not paired with the apparatus, verifying whether at least one of said default authentication keys is a valid authentication key for said second wireless device; and
responsive to having found at least one of said authentication keys to be a valid authentication key for said second wireless device, establishing an authenticated connection with said second wireless device.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one memory and the computer code are further configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform:
obtaining at least one of said one or more default authentication keys by using a key negotiation procedure with the first wireless device that is paired with the apparatus.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein at least one of said one or more default authentication keys is associated with a respective predefined user;
wherein said connection request comprises an identification of a user; and
wherein said verifying considers only those default authentication keys that are associated with the user identified in the connection request.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is configured to apply the Bluetooth Basic Rate/Enhanced Data Rate protocol.
5. The apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein
said first state comprises a Bluetooth page scan substate; and
said connection request comprises one or more Bluetooth page messages addressing the apparatus.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein said predefined states further comprise a second state where the apparatus is discoverable by other wireless devices; and
wherein the at least one memory and the computer code are further configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform:
responsive to receiving, when the apparatus is operated in said second state, one or more requests from a further wireless device that is not paired with the apparatus, obtaining a dedicated authentication key to establish pairing with said further wireless device.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6 , wherein said obtaining the dedicated authentication key comprises:
responsive to receiving, when the apparatus is operated in said second state, one or more inquiry messages from said further wireless device, transmitting one or more inquiry response messages that comprise information that enables connection establishment with the apparatus; and
responsive to receiving a connection request from said further wireless device, obtaining a dedicated authentication key to establish pairing with said further wireless device.
8. The apparatus according to claim 6 , wherein the apparatus is configured to apply the Bluetooth Basic Rate/Enhanced Data Rate protocol.
9. The apparatus according to claim 8 , wherein
said first state comprises a Bluetooth page scan substate;
said second state comprises a Bluetooth inquiry scan substate; and
said connection request comprises one or more Bluetooth page messages addressing to the apparatus.
10. A method comprising:
creating, in an initial pairing procedure with a first wireless device, one or more dedicated authentication keys for authenticating the first wireless device;
receiving, in connection with the initial pairing procedure with the first wireless device, one or more default authentication keys for authenticating a second wireless device that is not paired with the apparatus;
storing the one or more dedicated authentication keys for authenticating the first wireless device that is paired with the apparatus;
storing, in connection with the initial pairing procedure with the first wireless device, the one or more default authentication keys for authenticating the second wireless device that is not paired with the apparatus, said one or more default authentication keys being different than said one or more dedicated authentication keys;
selectively operating the apparatus in one of predefined states, said states comprising at least a first state where the apparatus is connectable but not discoverable by other wireless devices;
in response to having received, when the apparatus is operated in said first state, a connection request from the second wireless device that is not paired with the apparatus, verifying whether at least one of said authentication keys is a valid authentication key for said second wireless device; and
in response to having found at least one of said authentication keys to be a valid authentication key for said second wireless device, establishing an authenticated connection with said second wireless device.
11. The method according to claim 10 , further comprising:
obtaining at least one of said one or more default authentication keys by using a key negotiation procedure with the first wireless device that is paired with the apparatus.
12. The method according to claim 10 ,
wherein at least one of said one or more default authentication keys is associated with a respective predefined user;
wherein said connection request comprises an identification of a user; and
wherein said verifying comprises verifying only those default authentication keys that are associated with the user identified in the connection request.
13. The method according to claim 10 , wherein said predefined states further comprise a second state where the apparatus is discoverable by other wireless devices, the method further comprising
in response to receiving, when the apparatus is operated in said second state, one or more requests from a further wireless device that is not paired with the apparatus, obtaining a dedicated authentication key to establish pairing with said further wireless device.
14. The method according to claim 10 , wherein said apparatus applies the Bluetooth Basic Rate/Enhanced Data Rate protocol.
15. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable medium having computer executable program code stored thereon, which when executed by at least one processor of an apparatus, causes the apparatus to perform the method according to claim 10 .
16. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable medium having computer executable program code stored thereon, which when executed by at least one processor of an apparatus, causes the apparatus to perform the method according to claim 11 .
17. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable medium having computer executable program code stored thereon, which when executed by at least one processor of an apparatus, causes the apparatus to perform the method according to claim 12 .
18. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable medium having computer executable program code stored thereon, which when executed by at least one processor of an apparatus, causes the apparatus to perform the method according to claim 13 .
19. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable medium having computer executable program code stored thereon, which when executed by at least one processor of an apparatus, causes the apparatus to perform the method according to claim 14 .