Heat transfer in a polymerization reactor
A process comprises polymerizing an olefin monomer in a loop reactor in the presence of a catalyst and a diluent, and producing a slurry comprising solid particulate olefin polymer and diluent. The Biot number is maintained at or below about 3.0 within the loop reactor during the polymerizing process. The slurry in the loop reactor forms a slurry film having a film coefficient along an inner surface of the reactor wall, and the film coefficient is less than about 500 BTU·hr −1 ·ft −2 ·° F. −1 .
1. A process comprising:
polymerizing an olefin monomer in a loop reactor in the presence of a catalyst and a diluent; and
producing a slurry comprising solid particulate olefin polymer and diluent, wherein the Biot number is maintained at or below 3.0 within the loop reactor during the polymerizing, wherein the slurry in the loop reactor forms a slurry film having a film coefficient along an inner surface of a reactor wall, and wherein the film coefficient is less than 500 BTU·hr −1 ·ft −2 ·° F. −1 .
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the slurry comprises a solids concentration in the range of about 25 wt % to about 70 wt %.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the slurry comprises a solids concentration greater than about 50 wt %.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the loop reactor comprises a reactor wall having a thickness and a thermal conductivity.
5. The process of claim 4 , wherein a ratio of the film coefficient to the thermal conductivity is in a range of from about 8.0 ft −1 to about 50 ft −1 .
6. The process of claim 4 , wherein a ratio of the film coefficient to the thickness is in a range of from about 1,400 BTU·hr −1 ·ft −3 ·° F. −1 to about 240,000 BTU·hr −1 ·ft −3 ·° F. −1 .
7. The process of claim 4 , wherein a ratio of the thermal conductivity to the thickness is in a range of from about 100 BTU·hr −1 ·ft −2 ·° F. −1 to about 10,000 BTU·hr −1 ·ft −2 ·° F. −1 .
8. The process of claim 4 , wherein the reactor wall comprises a steel selected from the group consisting of: A106 Gr 8 (60), A516 Gr 70, A537 Cl 2, A106 Gr C (40), A202 Gr 8, A285 Gr C, A514 Gr 8, A515 Gr 70, A517 Gr A, A517 Gr 8, A533 Ty A C13, A542 Ty A C12, A678 Gr C, AISI 1010, AISI 1015, MIL-S 24645, and any combination thereof.
9. The process of claim 4 , wherein the reactor wall has a diameter in the range of about 20 inches to about 36 inches.
10. The process of claim 4 , wherein the inner surface of the reactor wall has a surface smoothness of less than 30 RMS microinches.
11. The process of claim 1 , further comprising: circulating the slurry within the loop reactor, wherein the slurry is circulated at a velocity in the range of about 25 ft/s to about 60 ft/s.
12. The process of claim 1 , further comprising: circulating the slurry within the loop reactor, wherein the slurry is circulated at a velocity greater than 40 ft/s.
13. A process comprising:
polymerizing an olefin monomer in a loop reactor in the presence of a catalyst and a diluent, wherein the loop reactor comprises a continuous tubular shell;
producing a slurry comprising solid particulate olefin polymer and diluent, wherein the slurry in the loop reactor forms a slurry film along an inner surface of the shell, and wherein a ratio of a heat transfer resistance through the slurry film to a heat transfer resistance through the tubular shell is maintained at or below 3.0 within the loop reactor during the polymerizing; and
circulating the slurry in the loop reactor, wherein the slurry has a velocity of greater than 30 ft/s during the circulating.
14. The process of claim 13 , wherein the ratio of the heat transfer resistance through the slurry film to the heat transfer resistance through the tubular shell is maintained at or below 2.0 within the loop reactor during the polymerizing.
15. The process of claim 13 , wherein the slurry comprises a solids concentration in the range of about 25 wt % to about 70 wt %.
16. The process of claim 13 , wherein the slurry comprises a solids volume fraction above 0.65.