Plant fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin composition
The present invention is directed to plant fiber-reinforced thermoplastic compositions and a method for reinforcing thermoplastic resins. The present invention provides a use for the cellulose portion of a plant material, which is the portion left over after processing the selected plant materials to separate the hemi-cellulose and lignin from the cellulose.
1. A method for reinforcing a thermoplastic resin composition comprising:
a) providing an amount of cellulose of a natural plant material;
b) mechanically separating core cellulose fibers from outer plant fibers in a decortication process that does not include hammering or bending/flexing the natural plant material;
c) chemically separating the cellulose fibers from hemi-cellulose and lignin fractions of the core tissue fibers after the decortication process;
d) producing from the decortication process and chemical separation process cellulose fibers having a porous surface for interaction with a thermoplastic resin; and
e) blending from about 1 to about 60 weight percent of the cellulose fibers based on the weight of the composition with a thermoplastic resin,
wherein the cellulose fibers and the thermoplastic resin are molecularly bonded to one another by the resin flowing into and diffusing or dissolving the cellulose fibers in the resin.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the natural plant material is selected from the group consisting of natural fibrous plant materials including a) seed fiber plants, linters, cotton, kapok and poplar down, b) bast fiber plants, sclerenchyma fiber plants, bamboo fiber plants, nettles, hemp, jute, linen or flax, and ramie, c) hard fiber plants, sisal, kenaf and manila, d) coir, and e) grasses.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the cellulose fibers are formed of at least 95% pure cellulose fibers.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the thermoplastic resin is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyacryl nitrite, poly amides, polyesters, polyacrylates and mixtures thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of mechanically separating the outer plant fibers from the core tissue fibers in the decortication process comprises shearing the outer plant fibers from the core tissue fibers to minimize damage to the core tissue fibers.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of blending the cellulose fibers with the thermoplastic resin comprises mixing the cellulose fibers and the thermoplastic resin in parallel screw mixing device to minimize breakage of the cellulose fibers and the residence time of the fibers and resin in the mixing device.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the step of mixing the cellulose fibers with the thermoplastic resin comprises homogeneously mixing the cellulose fibers with the thermoplastic resin.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of blending the cellulose fibers with the thermoplastic resin comprises forming molecular bonds between the cellulose fibers and the thermoplastic resin.