Low pressure arc plasma immersion coating vapor deposition and ion treatment
A vacuum coating and plasma treatment system includes a magnetron cathode with a long edge and a short edge. The magnetic pole of the magnetron results in an electromagnetic barrier. At least one remote arc discharge is generated separate from the magnetron cathode and in close proximity to the cathode so that it is confined within a volume adjacent to the magnetron target. The remote arc discharge extends parallel to the long edge of the magnetron target and is defined by the surface of the target on one side and the electromagnetic barrier on all other sides. There is a remote arc discharge cathode hood and anode hood extending over the arc discharge and across the short edge of the magnetron cathode. Outside of the plasma assembly is a magnetic system creating magnetic field lines which extend into and confine the plasma in front of the substrate.
1. A vacuum coating and plasma treatment system comprising:
a first plasma assembly facing a substrate, the first plasma assembly including:
a magnetron cathode including a magnetron target with a long edge and a short edge;
a remote anode electrically connected to the magnetron cathode;
a remote arc discharge generated separate from the magnetron cathode and adjacent to the magnetron target;
a remote arc discharge cathode hood extending over the remote arc discharge and across the short edge of the magnetron cathode; and
a primary cathode positioned in the remote arc discharge cathode hood;
a remote arc discharge anode hood, the remote arc discharge anode hood and the remote arc discharge cathode hood being positioned on opposing sides of the magnetron cathode wherein the remote anode is positioned in the remote arc discharge anode hood;
a magnetic system creating magnetic field lines which extends into and confines a plasma in front of the first plasma assembly and a substrate, the magnetic system including magnets that form a magnetic barrier and a sputtering racetrack such that the remote arc discharge is confined by the magnetic barrier and extends along a direction parallel to the long edge of the magnetron target, the remote arc discharge extending from the remote arc discharge cathode hood to the remote arc discharge anode hood;
a magnetron cathode power supply connected to the magnetron cathode and to the remote anode; and
a remote arc discharge power supply connected between the remote anode and the primary cathode.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the magnetron cathode is powered by a DC power supply having an output voltage ranging from 100V to 2000V.
3. The system of claim 1 wherein the magnetron cathode is powered by a RF power supply.
4. The system of claim 1 wherein the magnetron cathode is powered by a DC pulse power supply.
5. The system of claim 4 wherein the DC pulse power supply has an output voltage ranging from 300V to 10 kV.
6. The system of claim 4 wherein a power density to the magnetron target ranges from 50 W/cm 2 to 50 kW/cm 2 .
7. The system of claim 1 wherein there are two remote arc discharges having a voltage differential of 50V to 3000V.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the magnetron target moves into and out of the plasma.
9. The system of claim 1 wherein the magnets include an electromagnet located behind the magnetron target to generate a magnetic field in front of the magnetron target.
10. The system of claim 1 wherein the magnets include a permanent magnet located behind the magnetron target to generate a magnetic field in front of the magnetron target.
11. The system of claim 1 wherein the remote arc discharge has a current density from 1 to 300 amps/cm 2 .
12. The system of claim 1 further comprising a wire electrode shaped in a convex direction with an apex toward the substrate.
13. The system of claim 1 further comprising more than one vacuum coating and plasma treatment system attached adjacent each other where the magnetic system has field lines from magnetic coils that are alternating.
14. The system of claim 1 further comprising a second plasma assembly with magnetic coils, the second plasma assembly facing the first plasma assembly where a first side of a substrate holder faces the first plasma assembly and a second side of the substrate holder faces the second plasma assembly.
15. The system of claim 1 wherein the remote arc discharge enters the plasma from a side of the remote arc discharge cathode hood.
16. The system of claim 1 wherein the remote arc discharge is generated by a thrust from an arc jet.
17. The system of claim 1 wherein the remote arc discharge has a DC power supply.
18. The system of claim 1 wherein the remote arc discharge has a pulsed DC power supply.
19. The system of claim 18 has a pulsed current from 10 A to 100 kA.
20. The system of claim 1 wherein the remote arc discharge has a RF power supply.
21. The system of claim 1 wherein the remote arc discharge is generated by opposing rod electrodes with a rod axis extending from one rod electrode to an opposing rod electrode and one rod electrode has a central gas inlet.
22. The system of claim 21 wherein a distance between the rod axis and a magnetron target is from 5 to 40 mm.
23. The system of claim 21 wherein a distance between the rod axis and a magnetron target is from 10 to 25 mm.
24. The system of claim 21 wherein a distance between the opposing rod electrodes is 2 and 30 mm.
25. The system of claim 21 wherein a diameter of the rod electrodes is from 5 to 30 mm.
26. A vacuum coating and plasma treatment system comprising:
a plasma assembly facing a substrate, the plasma assembly including:
a magnetron cathode including a magnetron target with a long edge and a short edge;
a remote anode electrically connected to the magnetron cathode;
a remote arc discharge generated separate from the magnetron cathode and adjacent to the magnetron target;
a remote arc discharge cathode hood extending over the remote arc discharge and across the short edge of the magnetron cathode; and
a primary cathode positioned in the remote arc discharge cathode hood;
a remote arc discharge anode hood, the remote arc discharge anode hood and the remote arc discharge cathode hood being positioned on opposing sides of the magnetron cathode wherein the remote anode is positioned in the remote arc discharge anode hood;
a magnetic system creating magnetic field lines which extends into and confines a plasma in front of the plasma assembly and a substrate, the magnetic system including magnets that form a magnetic barrier and a sputtering racetrack such that the remote arc discharge is confined by the magnetic barrier and extends along a direction parallel to the long edge of the magnetron target, the remote arc discharge extending from the remote arc discharge cathode hood to the remote arc discharge anode hood;
a magnetron cathode power supply connected to the magnetron cathode and to the remote anode;
a remote arc discharge power supply connected between the primary cathode and the remote anode; and
a wire electrode shaped in a convex direction toward the substrate.
27. The system of claim 26 further comprising more than one vacuum coating and plasma treatment system attached adjacent each other where the magnetic system has field lines from magnetic coils that are alternating.
28. The system of claim 26 further comprising a second coating assembly with magnetic coils facing a first coating assembly where two sides of a substrate holder each face a coating assembly.
29. The system of claim 26 wherein the remote arc discharge is generated by opposing rod electrodes with a rod axis extending from one rod electrode to an opposing rod electrode.