Electrode material, electrode, and battery
An electrode includes a plant-derived porous carbon material having an ability to catalyze oxygen reduction.
1. An electronic device, comprising:
a battery,
the battery comprising an electrode;
wherein the electrode includes a plant-derived porous carbon material that catalyzes oxygen reduction at the electrode.
2. The electronic device according to claim 1 ,
wherein the plant-derived porous carbon material is a carbonized material treated with at least one of an acid and an alkali.
3. The electronic device according to claim 1 ,
wherein the plant-derived porous carbon material is used for the oxygen reduction at a pH of 3 or more and 10 or less when generating electric power.
4. The electronic device according to claim 1 ,
wherein a specific surface area of the plant-derived porous carbon material is 100 m 2 /g or more as measured by the nitrogen BET method.
5. The electronic device according to claim 1 ,
wherein a pore volume of the plant-derived porous carbon material is 0.2 cm 3 /g or more as measured by the BJH method and 0.1 cm 3 /g or more as measured by the MP method.
6. The electronic device according to claim 1 ,
wherein an oxygen reduction starting potential of the plant-derived porous carbon material is more noble than 0.15 V as measured versus an Ag/AgC 1 reference electrode.
7. The electronic device according to claim 1 ,
wherein the plant-derived porous carbon material includes an oxygen reduction catalyst supported thereon, and wherein the plant-derived porous carbon material and the oxygen reduction catalyst each increase a rate of the oxygen reduction.
8. The electronic device according to claim 7 ,
wherein the oxygen reduction catalyst is at least one material selected from the group consisting of a noble metal, a transition-metal oxide, a transition-metal porphyrin, phthalocyanine, a porphyrin polymer, a phthalocyanine polymer, perovskite, and a product of pyrolysis of a cobalt salt using polyacrylonitrile.
9. The electronic device according to claim 1 ,
wherein the plant-derived porous carbon material is supported on a supporting member, and wherein the electrode outputs current during the catalysis of the oxygen reduction.
10. The electronic device according to claim 1 ,
wherein the electrode is used as a positive electrode of the battery.
11. The electronic device according to claim 1 ,
wherein the plant-derived porous carbon material is used for the oxygen reduction under a pH-neutral condition.
12. The electronic device according to claim 1 ,
wherein the battery includes an electrolytic solution containing a buffer sub stance.
13. The electronic device according to claim 12 ,
wherein the buffer substance has a pK a of 4 or more and 10 or less.
14. The electronic device according to claim 1 ,
wherein the battery is one of an enzymatic biofuel cell and a microbial fuel cell.
15. The electronic device according to claim 1 ,
wherein the electronic device is one of a cellular telephone, a mobile device, a robot, a personal computer, a game machine, a camera-integrated video tape recorder (VTR), a vehicle-mounted device, a home appliance, and an industrial good.
16. A sensor, comprising:
an electrode,
wherein the electrode includes a plant-derived porous carbon material configured to catalyze oxygen reduction at the electrode.
17. The sensor according to claim 16 ,
wherein the plant-derived porous carbon material is a carbonized material treated with at least one of an acid and an alkali.
18. The sensor according to claim 16 ,
wherein the plant-derived porous carbon material is used for the oxygen reduction at a pH of 3 or more and 10 or less when generating electric power.
19. The sensor according to claim 16 ,
wherein a specific surface area of the plant-derived porous carbon material is 100 m 2 /g or more as measured by the nitrogen BET method.
20. The sensor according to claim 16 ,
wherein a pore volume of the plant-derived porous carbon material is 0.2 cm 3 /g or more as measured by the BJH method and 0.1 cm 3 /g or more as measured by the MP method.
21. The sensor according to claim 16 ,
wherein an oxygen reduction starting potential of the plant-derived porous carbon material is more noble than 0.15 V as measured versus an Ag/AgCl reference electrode.
22. The sensor according to claim 16 ,
wherein the plant-derived porous carbon material includes an oxygen reduction catalyst supported thereon, and wherein the plant-derived porous carbon material and the oxygen reduction catalyst each increase a rate of the oxygen reduction.
23. The sensor according to claim 22 ,
wherein the oxygen reduction catalyst is at least one material selected from the group consisting of a noble metal, a transition-metal oxide, a transition-metal porphyrin, phthalocyanine, a porphyrin polymer, a phthalocyanine polymer, perovskite, and a product of pyrolysis of a cobalt salt using polyacrylonitrile.
24. The sensor according to claim 16 ,
wherein the plant-derived porous carbon material is supported on a supporting member, and wherein the electrode outputs current during the catalysis of the oxygen reduction.
25. The sensor according to claim 16 ,
wherein the plant-derived porous carbon material is used for the oxygen reduction under a pH-neutral condition.