Oxygenase-based biosensing systems for measurement of halogenated alkene concentrations

1. A biosensing system that measures the concentration of a halogenated alkene in a solution, said biosensing system comprising:

a first biocomponent that catalyzes the reaction of said halogenated alkene;

a second biocomponent that catalyzes the reaction of a halogenated alkene epoxide; and

a transducer layer that luminesces, wherein said transducer layer is part of an optode;

wherein said first biocomponent and said second biocomponent comprise cells, and wherein said cells contain enzymes selected from the group consisting of oxygenases, monooxygenases, dioxygenases, toluene dioxygenase, toluene ortho-monooxygenase, toluene ortho-monooxygenase-Green, epoxide hydrolase, glutathione synthetase, glutathione S-transferase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase; and

wherein said cells of said first biocomponent and said second biocomponent are immobilized within a matrix, said matrix in contact with, and distal to, said transducer layer.

2. The biosensing system of claim 1

wherein said first biocomponent catalyzes the reaction of said halogenated alkene and oxygen and said halogenated alkene epoxide is created by said first biocomponent catalyzed reaction,

wherein said transducer layer luminescence is altered by oxygen and/or hydrogen ions in said solution, and

wherein photons from the luminescence of said transducer layer enter into a fiber optic cable and are transmitted to a photomultiplier, and

wherein said photomultiplier produces an output signal that is coupled to an algorithm that transforms the signal generated by said photomultiplier into an output correlated to the concentration of said halogenated alkene in the solution.

3. The biosensing system of claim 2 wherein said halogenated alkene is selected from the group consisting of tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, dichloroethene, and monochloroethene.

4. The biosensing system of claim 2 wherein

said first biocomponent is selected from the group consisting of toluene orthomonooxygenase and toluene ortho-monooxygenase-Green;

said second biocomponent is selected from the group consisting of epoxide hydrolase, glutathione synthetase, glutathione S-transferase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase; and

said transducer layer comprises a luminescent reagent selected from the group consisting of RuDPP and fluorescein.

5. The biosensing system of claim 1 , wherein said cells are alive.

6. The biosensing system of claim 1 , wherein said cells are dead.

7. The biosensing system of claim 1 , wherein the cells comprise genes encoding said enzymes and wherein the nucleotide coding sequences of said genes for said biocomponent enzymes are on a plasmid or plasmids within a whole cell biocomponent or on a chromosome of a whole cell biocomponent.

8. The biosensing system of claim 1 , wherein said optode is selected from the group consisting of an oxygen optode and a pH optode.

9. The biosensing system of claim 1 , wherein said halogenated alkene is trichloroethene,

wherein said first biocomponent catalyzes the reaction of trichloroethene and oxygen and said second biocomponent catalyzes the reaction of trichloroethene epoxide, and

wherein said transducer layer luminescence is altered by oxygen in said solution, and

wherein photons from the luminescence of said transducer layer enter into a fiber optic cable and are transmitted to a photomultiplier, and

wherein said photomultiplier produces an output signal that is coupled to an algorithm that transforms the signal generated by said photomultiplier into an output correlated to the concentration of trichloroethene in the solution.

10. The biosensing system of claim 1 , wherein

said first biocomponent catalyzes the reaction of a halogenated alkene and oxygen and said second biocomponent catalyzes the reaction of a halogenated alkene epoxide created by said first biocomponent catalyzed reaction, and

wherein said transducer layer comprises compounds and chemical complexes containing ruthenium, and

wherein said transducer layer luminescence is altered by oxygen in said solution, and

wherein photons from the luminescence of said transducer layer enter into a fiber optic cable and are transmitted to a photomultiplier, and

wherein said photomultiplier produces an output signal that is coupled to an algorithm that transforms the signal generated by said photomultiplier into an output correlated to the concentration of said halogenated alkene in the solution.

11. A biosensing system that measures the concentration of a halogenated alkene in a solution, said biosensing system comprising

a first biocomponent that catalyzes the reaction of said halogenated alkenes;

a second biocomponent that catalyzes the reaction of a halogenated alkene epoxide;

a transducer layer that luminesces wherein said transducer layer is part of an optode; and

wherein said first biocomponent and said second biocomponent comprise purified cell-free enzymes selected from the group consisting of oxygenases, monooxygenases, dioxygenases, toluene dioxygenase, toluene ortho-monooxygenase, toluene ortho-monooxygenase-Green, epoxide hydrolase, glutathione synthetase, glutathione S-transferase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase;

wherein said purified cell-free enzymes of said first biocomponent and said second biocomponent are immobilized within a matrix, said matrix in contact with, and distal to, said transducer layer.

12. The biosensing system of claim 11 , wherein said first biocomponent is toluene ortho-monooxygenase, toluene ortho-monooxygenase-Green, or toluene dioxygenase.

13. The biosensing system of claim 11 , wherein said halogenated alkene is trichloroethene.

14. The biosensing system of claim 11 , wherein said transducer layer comprises a luminescent reagent that is RuDPP or fluorescein.