Compositions and methods for combating bacterial infections by killing persister cells with mitomycin C
The present disclosure provides a method for killing persister cells with mitomycin C and/or cisplatin, or derivatives thereof. Recalcitrant infections are difficult to treat due to persister cells, a subpopulation of all bacterial populations that is highly tolerant against all traditional antibiotics since the cells are dormant and antibiotics are designed to kill growing cells. Here, we show that MMC and cisplatin eradicate persister cells through a growth-independent mechanism, cross-linking DNA. We find both agents are effective against both planktonic cultures and highly robust biofilm cultures for a broad range of bacterial species, including commensal Escherichia coli K-12 as well as pathogenic species of E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . In certain approaches cisplatin is superior to MMC.
1. A method for reducing bacterial persister cells and/or dormant viable but non-culturable (VBNC) cells in a bacterial population, the method comprising administering an effective amount of mitomycin C (MMC) to the population, such that a reduction in the bacterial persister cells and/or the VBNC cells in the population occurs, and wherein the MMC is the only antimicrobial agent that is administered to the population and produces the reduction.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reduction of the persister cells and/or the VBNC cells is greater than a reference, wherein the reference comprises a value obtained from reducing persister cells and/or or reducing VBNC cells of the same bacterial species using a matched amount of one of ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, or gentamicin.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bacterial persister cells and/or VBNC cells are eradicated from the population.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the persister cells and/or VBNC cells are resistant to one or more antibiotics other than mitomycin C.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the persister cells and/or VBNC cells are present in anaerobic conditions.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the bacterial persister cells are reduced.
7. The method of claim 2 , wherein the bacterial persister cells comprise pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the bacterial persister cells comprise pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pathogenic bacterial persister cells comprise S. aureus, P. aeruginosa , or E. coli.
10. The method claim 1 , wherein the population is present in an infection in a wound of an individual.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the infection in the wound comprises pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to one or more antibiotics that are not mitomycin C.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the population comprises an infection in an individual, wherein the individual has been previously diagnosed with a bacterial infection and has been treated with at least one antibiotic other than mitomycin C, and wherein the diagnosed bacterial infection was not cleared by the previous treatment.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the diagnosed bacterial infection comprises antibiotic resistant bacteria.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein culturable pathogenic bacterial cells in the population are eradicated.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the population is comprised by a biofilm.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the bacterial persister cells and/or VBNC cells are reduced or eradicated, but the biofilm is not dispersed.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the persister cells and/or VBNC cells are in a stationary growth phase.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the population comprises the persister cells, and wherein the entire population of persister cells is eradicated.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the population comprises persister cells that are resistant to at least one antibiotic.