Soluble needle arrays for delivery of influenza vaccines
Influenza vaccines are administered using solid biodegradable microneedles. The microneedles are fabricated from the influenza vaccine in combination with solid excipient(s) and, after penetrating the skin, they dissolve in situ and release the vaccine to the immune system. The influenza vaccine is (i) a purified influenza virus surface antigen vaccine, rather than a live vaccine or a whole-virus or split inactivated vaccine (ii) an influenza vaccine prepared from viruses grown in cell culture, not eggs, (iii) a monovalent influenza vaccine e.g. for immunizing against a pandemic strain, (iv) a bivalent vaccine, (v) a tetravalent or >4-valent vaccine, (vi) a mercury-free vaccine, or (vii) a gelatin-free vaccine.
1. A method of raising an immune response in a subject, comprising the step of applying a skin patch comprising a plurality of solid biodegradable microneedles to the subject's skin, wherein the microneedles comprise a mixture of a biosoluble and biodegradable matrix material and a purified influenza virus surface antigen vaccine, further wherein the vaccine comprises hemagglutinin and 5-30 μg of detergent per μg of hemagglutinin and the microneedles penetrate the skin's dermis.
2. A method of raising an immune response in a subject, comprising the step of applying a skin patch comprising a plurality of solid biodegradable microneedles to the subject's skin, wherein the microneedles comprise a mixture of a biosoluble and biodegradable matrix material and a purified influenza virus hemagglutinin, wherein the amount of influenza virus hemagglutinin per patch is <16 μg per strain, further wherein the skin patch comprises 5-30 μg of detergent per μg of hemagglutinin and the microneedles penetrate the skin's dermis.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the matrix material comprises one or more carbohydrates.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the matrix material comprises a cellulose and/or a dextrin and/or a disaccharide.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microneedles are 100-2500 μm long and are tapered with a skin-facing point.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the skin patch has >20 microneedles.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the skin patch has an area of ≦2 cm 2 .
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein a skin-facing area of the skin patch includes an adhesive to facilitate adherence to the subject's skin.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the detergent is polysorbate 80.
10. The method of claim 1 , containing 1-15 μg of hemagglutinin per influenza virus strain.