Membranes
A composite gas membrane comprising: a) a porous support; b) an activated gutter layer; c) a discriminating layer located on the gutter layer; and d) optionally a protective layer on the discriminating layer; wherein the said layers remain in place when a peeling force of 2.5 N/1.5 cm is applied to the outermost of said layers.
1. A composite gas membrane comprising:
a) a porous support;
b) an activated gutter layer;
c) a discriminating layer; and
d) optionally a protective layer;
wherein each of the said layers remains in place when a peeling force of 2.5 N/1.5 cm is applied to an outermost of said layers.
2. The composite membrane according claim 1 wherein the gutter layer has been activated by a process comprising a corona treatment, plasma treatment, flame treatment and/or ozone treatment.
3. The composite membrane according claim 1 wherein the discriminating layer contains amine groups.
4. The composite membrane according to claim 1 wherein the discriminating layer further comprises silicon atoms.
5. The composite membrane according to claim 1 wherein gutter layer comprises a polymer and/or dialkylsiloxane groups.
6. The composite membrane according to claim 1 wherein the discriminating layer comprises a group comprising an amine group, a silicon atom and an alkylene group wherein the silicon atom and the amine group are linked together by the alkylene group.
7. The composite membrane according to claim 1 wherein the discriminating layer is formed from ingredients comprising an alkoxy silane compound comprising an amine group.
8. The composite membrane according to claim 1 wherein the discriminating layer further comprises a —CF 3 group.
9. The composite membrane according to claim 1 wherein the discriminating layer has been obtained from a composition which is free from silane compounds comprising acetoxy-groups.
10. The composite membrane according to claim 3 which comprises protective layer d) comprising carboxylic acid groups.
11. A method for separating a feed gas containing a target gas into a gas stream rich in the target gas and a gas stream depleted in the target gas, which method comprises contacting the feed gas with a membrane according to claim 1 and collecting the gas which passes through the membrane and/or the gas which does not pass through the membrane.
12. The composite membrane according claim 1 wherein (i) the gutter layer has been activated by a process comprising a corona treatment, plasma treatment, flame treatment and/or ozone treatment; (ii) the discriminating layer contains amine groups and silicon atoms; and (iii) the gutter layer comprises dialkylsiloxane groups.
13. The composite membrane according to claim 12 wherein the discriminating layer comprises a —CF 3 group and the discriminating layer is formed from ingredients comprising an alkoxy silane compound, which alkoxy silane compound comprises an amine group.
14. The composite membrane according to claim 12 wherein the discriminating layer has been obtained from a composition which is free from silane compounds comprising acetoxy-groups.
15. The composite membrane according to claim 12 which further comprises the protective layer d) and said protective layer comprises carboxylic acid groups.
16. The composite membrane according to claim 12 which further comprises the protective layer d) and said protective layer comprises carboxylic acid groups, wherein (iv) the discriminating layer comprises a —CF 3 group; (v) the composition used to form the discriminating layer comprises an alkoxy silane compound, which alkoxy silane compound comprises an amine group; (vi) the composition used to form the discriminating layer is free from silane compounds comprising acetoxy-groups.
17. A gas separation cartridge comprising a composite membrane according to claim 16 .
18. A gas separation module for separating a feed gas containing a target gas into a gas stream rich in the target gas and a gas stream depleted in the target gas, the module comprises a housing and one or more cartridges according to claim 17 .