Transmission line RF applicator for plasma chamber
A transmission line RF applicator apparatus and method for coupling RF power to a plasma in a plasma chamber. The apparatus comprises two conductors, one of which has a plurality of apertures. In one aspect, apertures in different portions of the conductor have different sizes, spacing or orientations. In another aspect, adjacent apertures at successive longitudinal positions are offset along the transverse dimension. In another aspect, the apparatus comprises an inner conductor and one or two outer conductors. The main portion of each of the one or two outer conductors includes a plurality of apertures that extend between an inner surface and an outer surface of the outer conductor.
1. A transmission line RF applicator comprising:
a first conductor; and
a second conductor, distinct from the first conductor, that includes a number of apertures;
wherein said apertures include a plurality of apertures that are at different longitudinal positions on the second conductor and that each has a long axis that is not parallel to the longitudinal dimension of the second conductor;
wherein adjacent ones of said plurality of apertures at successive longitudinal positions on the second conductor are offset along the transverse dimension of the second conductor so as to preclude a straight path for current flow along the longitudinal dimension of the second conductor that is not interrupted by any apertures.
2. The transmission line RF applicator of claim 1 , further comprising:
an RF power source connected to produce an RF voltage between the first conductor and the second conductor.
3. A transmission line RF applicator comprising:
a first conductor; and
a second conductor, distinct from the first conductor, that extends between a first end portion and a second end portion;
wherein:
the second conductor includes a first plurality of apertures in a first portion of the second conductor and a second plurality of apertures in a second portion of the second conductor;
the first portion extends from the first end portion of the second conductor to the second portion;
the second portion extends from the first portion to the center of the second conductor;
a first fraction of the surface area of the first portion is occupied by the first plurality of apertures;
a second fraction of the surface area of the second portion that is occupied by the second plurality of apertures; and
the second fraction is greater than the first fraction.
4. The transmission line RF applicator of claim 3 , further comprising:
an RF power source connected to produce an RF voltage between a first end portion of the first conductor and the first end portion of the second conductor.
5. A transmission line RF applicator comprising:
a first conductor; and
a second conductor, distinct from the first conductor, that extends between a first end portion and a second end portion;
wherein:
the second conductor includes a first plurality, a second plurality, a third plurality and a fourth plurality of apertures in a first portion, a second portion, a third portion, and a fourth portion of the second conductor, respectively;
the first portion extends from the first end portion of the second conductor to the second portion;
the second portion extends from the first portion to the center of the second conductor;
the third portion extends from the center of the second conductor to the fourth portion;
the fourth portion extends from the third portion to the second end portion of the second conductor;
a first fraction of the surface area of the first portion is occupied by the first plurality of apertures;
a second the fraction of the surface area of the second portion that is occupied by the second plurality of apertures;
a third fraction of the surface area of the third portion is occupied by the third plurality of apertures;
a fourth fraction of the surface area of the fourth portion is occupied by the fourth plurality of apertures;
the second fraction is greater than the first fraction; and
the third fraction is greater than the fourth fraction.
6. A transmission line RF applicator comprising:
a first conductor; and
a second conductor, distinct from the first conductor, that extends between a first end portion and a second end portion;
wherein:
said second conductor includes a first plurality of apertures located at successive positions progressing from a first position to a second position;
the first position is between the second position and the first end portion of the second conductor;
the second position is between the first position and the center of the second conductor; and
each respective aperture is characterized by a respective area such that said respective areas increase monotonically at said respective positions progressing from the first position to the second position.
7. The transmission line RF applicator of claim 6 , further comprising:
an RF power source connected to produce an RF voltage between a first end portion of the first conductor and the first end portion of the second conductor.
8. The transmission line RF applicator of claim 6 , wherein:
said second conductor further includes a second plurality of apertures located at successive positions progressing from a third position to a fourth position;
the third position is between the fourth position and the second end portion of the second conductor;
the fourth position is between the third position and the center of the second conductor; and
each respective aperture of the second plurality is characterized by a respective area such that said respective areas increase monotonically at said respective positions progressing from the third position to the fourth position.
9. The transmission line RF applicator of claim 8 , further comprising:
a first RF power source connected between the first conductor and the first end portion of the second conductor; and
a second RF power source connected between the first conductor and the second end portion of the second conductor.
10. The transmission line RF applicator of claim 5 , further comprising:
an RF power source connected to produce an RF voltage between a first end portion of the first conductor and the first end portion of the second conductor.
11. The transmission line RF applicator of claim 5 , further comprising:
a first RF power source connected between the first conductor and the first end portion of the second conductor; and
a second RF power source connected between the first conductor and the second end portion of the second conductor.
12. A transmission line RF applicator comprising:
a first conductor; and
a second conductor, distinct from the first conductor, that extends between a first end portion and a second end portion;
wherein:
the second conductor includes a first plurality of apertures in a first portion of the second conductor and a second plurality of apertures in a second portion of the second conductor;
the first portion extends from the first end portion of the second conductor to the second portion;
the second portion extends from the first portion to the center of the second conductor; and
the average spacing between adjacent apertures in the second portion is smaller than the average spacing between adjacent apertures in the first portion.
13. The transmission line RF applicator of claim 12 , wherein:
said apertures are located at successive positions progressing from a first position to a second position;
the first position is between the second position and the first end portion of the second conductor;
the second position is between the first position and the center of the second conductor; and
each respective aperture at said respective positions progressing from the first position to the second position has a monotonically decreasing spacing between adjacent apertures.
14. The transmission line RF applicator of claim 13 , further comprising:
an RF power source connected to produce an RF voltage between a first end portion of the first conductor and the first end portion of the second conductor.
15. The transmission line RF applicator of claim 12 , further comprising:
an RF power source connected to produce an RF voltage between a first end portion of the first conductor and the first end portion of the second conductor.
16. A transmission line RF applicator comprising:
a first conductor; and
a second conductor, distinct from the first conductor, that extends between a first end portion and a second end portion;
wherein:
the second conductor includes a first plurality of apertures in a first portion of the second conductor and a second plurality of apertures in a second portion of the second conductor;
the first portion extends from the first end portion of the second conductor to the second portion;
the second portion extends from the first portion to the center of the second conductor;
each respective aperture is characterized by a respective angle at which its respective long axis is oriented relative to the circumferential dimension of the second conductor; and
the average of said angles of the apertures in the second portion is smaller than the average of said angles of the apertures in the first portion.
17. The transmission line RF applicator of claim 16 , further comprising:
an RF power source connected to produce an RF voltage between a first end portion of the first conductor and the first end portion of the second conductor.
18. A transmission line RF applicator comprising:
a first conductor; and
a second conductor, distinct from the first conductor, that extends between a first end portion and a second end portion;
wherein:
the second conductor includes a plurality of apertures at successive positions progressing from a first position to a second position;
the first position is between the second position and the first end portion of the second conductor;
the second position is between the first position and the center of the second conductor; and
each respective aperture at said respective positions progressing from the first position to the second position has a long axis at a monotonically decreasing angle relative to the transverse dimension of the second conductor.
19. The transmission line RF applicator of claim 18 , further comprising:
an RF power source connected to produce an RF voltage between a first end portion of the first conductor and the first end portion of the second conductor.