Method of making multilayer optical film comprising layer-by-layer self-assembled layers and articles
Methods of making a multilayer optical film are described. In one embodiment, the method comprises providing a multilayer optical film and disposing onto the multilayer optical film a plurality of layers deposited by layer-by-layer self-assembly of nanoparticles, polymers, and combinations thereof. The multilayer optical film typically comprises a plurality of alternating polymeric layers of a low refractive index layer and a high refractive index layer that reflects at least one bandwidth of electromagnetic radiation ranging from ultraviolet to near infrared. Multilayer optical film articles are described comprising a plurality of layers disposed onto the multilayer optical film, wherein the plurality of layers comprises layer-by-layer self-assembled nanoparticles, polymers, and combinations thereof. The multilayer optical films are suitable for various uses including reflective polarizers for optical displays such as LCDs or LEDs, architectural film applications, window film applications, and solar power concentrating mirrors.
1. A method of making a multilayer optical film comprising:
providing a multilayer optical film comprising a plurality of alternating polymeric layers of a low refractive index layer and a high refractive index layer, wherein the high refractive index layer comprises a birefringent thermoplastic polymer and the plurality of alternating polymeric layers reflect at least one bandwidth of electromagnetic radiation ranging from ultraviolet to near infrared;
disposing onto the multilayer optical film a plurality of layers deposited by layer-by-layer self-assembly of nanoparticles, polymers, or a combination thereof,
wherein the plurality of layers deposited by layer-by-layer self-assembly comprise alternating stacks of low refractive index bi-layers and high refractive index bi-layers, wherein the plurality of bi-layers reflect at least one bandwidth of electromagnetic radiation ranging from ultraviolet to near infrared, wherein the plurality of bi-layers reflect at least a portion of the same bandwidth of electromagnetic radiation as the multilayer optical film, and wherein the plurality of bi-layers reflect at least a portion of a different bandwidth of electromagnetic radiation as the multilayer optical film.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the plurality of bi-layers reflect at least one bandwidth of electromagnetic radiation ranging from ultraviolet to near infrared.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the plurality of bi-layers reflect at least a portion of the same bandwidth of electromagnetic radiation as the multilayer optical film.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the plurality of bi-layers reflect at least a portion of a different bandwidth of electromagnetic radiation as the multilayer optical film.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the multilayer optical film is an ultraviolet reflector, a blue reflector, a visible reflector, an infrared reflector or a combination thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the plurality of layers deposited by layer-by-layer self-assembly is an ultraviolet reflector, a blue reflector, a visible reflector, an infrared reflector or a combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the multilayer optical film comprising the plurality of bi-layers has a higher reflectivity than the multilayer optical film alone.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the plurality of layers deposited by layer-by-layer self-assembly are formed by depositing alternating layers of water-based compositions comprising at least one polyelectrolyte and inorganic oxide nanoparticles.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the low refractive index bi-layers comprise silica, alumina, mixed metal oxides thereof, and mixtures thereof.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the high refractive index bi-layers comprise titania, zirconia, alumina, antimony oxide, ceria, zinc oxide, lanthanum oxide, tantalum oxide, mixed metal oxides thereof, and mixtures thereof.
11. The method of claim 9 wherein the multilayer optical film comprises 0 to 5 wt.-% of inorganic oxide nanoparticles.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the high and low refractive index layers of the multilayer optical film comprise alternating ¼ wave layers.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the plurality of bi-layers comprise alternating ¼ wave stacks.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the plurality of layers deposited by layer-by-layer self-assembly reduce the surface reflections at 550 nm of the multilayer optical film to less than 2%.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the plurality of layers deposited by layer-by-layer self-assembly comprise alternating layers of polyelectrolyte and silica.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the plurality of layers deposited by layer-by-layer self-assembly provide a durable top coat.
17. An optical film comprising:
a multilayer optical film comprising a plurality of alternating polymeric layers of a low refractive index layer and a high refractive index layer, wherein the high refractive index layer comprises a birefringent thermoplastic polymer and the plurality of alternating polymeric materials reflects at least one bandwidth of electromagnetic radiation ranging from ultraviolet to near infrared; and
a plurality of layers disposed onto the multilayer optical film, wherein the plurality of layers comprises layer-by-layer self-assembled nanoparticles, polymers, or a combination thereof,
wherein the multilayer optical film comprises polyethylenenaphthalate and the plurality of layers deposited by layer-by-layer self-assembly prevent the polyethylenenaphthalate from degrading from exposure to blue light having a wavelength in a range of 400 to 490 nm.
18. An optical display, architectural film, greenhouse film, window film, car wrap film, paint protection film, traffic signage film, commercial graphics film, daylighting film, solar photovoltaic front-sheet film, or solar power concentrating mirror comprising an optical film according to claim 17 .
19. The optical film of claim 18 wherein the plurality of layers comprise at least 30 wt.-% of inorganic oxide nanoparticles.
20. The method of claim 1 wherein the plurality of layers deposited by layer-by-layer self-assembly comprise at least 30 wt.-% of inorganic oxide nanoparticles.
21. The method of claim 1 wherein the multilayer optical film comprises polyethylenenaphthalate and the plurality of layers deposited by layer-by-layer self-assembly prevent the polyethylenenaphthalate from degrading from exposure to blue light having a wavelength in a range of 400 to 490 nm.
22. An optical film comprising:
a multilayer optical film comprising a plurality of alternating polymeric layers of a low refractive index layer and a high refractive index layer, wherein the high refractive index layer comprises a birefringent thermoplastic polymer and the plurality of alternating polymeric materials reflects at least one bandwidth of electromagnetic radiation ranging from ultraviolet to near infrared; and a plurality of layers disposed onto the multilayer optical film, wherein the plurality of layers comprises layer-by-layer self-assembled nanoparticles, polymers, or a combination thereof,
wherein the plurality of layers comprise alternating stacks of low refractive index bi-layers and high refractive index bi-layers, wherein the plurality of bi-layers reflect at least one bandwidth of electromagnetic radiation ranging from ultraviolet to near infrared, wherein the plurality of bi-layers reflect at least a portion of the same bandwidth of electromagnetic radiation as the multilayer optical film, and wherein the plurality of bi-layers reflect at least a portion of a different bandwidth of electromagnetic radiation as the multilayer optical film.