Compositions of and methods for using hydraulic fracturing fluid for petroleum production
A hydraulic fracturing fluid for use in oilfield applications, the hydraulic fracturing fluid includes a spherical bead-forming liquid composition, the spherical bead-forming liquid composition comprised of a primary liquid precursor and a secondary liquid precursor, the primary liquid precursor comprises a micellar forming surfactant, a bead-forming compound, and a non-solids bearing liquid solvent; and the secondary liquid precursor comprises one or more curing agents, and one or more co-curing agents.
1. A hydraulic fracturing fluid for use in oilfield applications, the hydraulic fracturing fluid comprising:
a spherical bead-forming liquid composition, the spherical bead-forming liquid composition comprised of a primary liquid precursor and a secondary liquid precursor,
the primary liquid precursor comprises:
a micellar forming surfactant,
a bead-forming compound, and
a non-solids bearing liquid solvent; and
the secondary liquid precursor comprises:
a curing agent, and
a co-curing agent,
where a mixture of the primary liquid precursor and the secondary liquid precursor cures the spherical bead-forming liquid composition into solid, individual, spherical beads, and where the solid, individual, spherical beads are of sufficient mechanical strength to act as a proppant in situ and hold fractures open against an overburden pressure.
2. The composition of claim 1 , where the primary liquid precursor further comprises an anti-foaming agent.
3. The composition of claim 1 , where the primary liquid precursor further comprises a pH control agent.
4. The composition of claim 3 , where the pH control agent is selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium aluminate, potassium carbonate, potassium phosphate, sodium silicate, potassium silicate, organic acids, and combinations thereof.
5. The composition of claim 1 , where the micellar forming surfactant is selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants and combinations thereof.
6. The composition of claim 1 , where the bead-forming compound is selected from the group consisting of bis-phenol A, bis-phenol F, cycloaliphatic epoxides, glycidyl ethers, poly glycidyl ethers, novalac resins, polyurethane resins, acrylic resin, phenol-formaldehyde resin, epoxy functional resins, and combinations thereof.
7. The composition of claim 1 , where the non-solids bearing liquid solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, brine containing mono and polyvalent salt, sea water, mineral oil, kerosene, diesel, crude oil, and petroleum condensate, low molecular weight alcohols, low molecular weight alcohol ethers, benzyl alcohol, and benzyl alcohol ethers, ethyl carbitol ether, γ-butyrolactone, phenol alkoxylates, alkylphenol alkoxylates, and combinations thereof.
8. The composition of claim 1 , where the curing agent is selected from the group consisting of lewis acids, tertiary amines, mono ethanol amine, benzyl dimethylamine, 1,4-diaza-bicylo [2,2,2] octane, 1,8-diazabicylo [5,4,0] undec-7ene, cycloaliphatic amines, amidoamines, aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, isophorone, isophorone diamine, polyamides, boron tri-fluoride derivatives, functional resins, imidazoles, imidazolines, mercaptans, sulfide, hydrazides, amides and their derivatives.
9. The composition of claim 1 , where the co-curing agent is selected from the group consisting of water, fatty acids, such as oleic acid, tall oil fatty acid, ricinoleic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, stearic acid as well as alkoxylated alcohols, dicarboxylic acids, carboxylic acids, imidazolines, dicyandiamides, ureas, imidazoles, thiols, aliphatic polyamines, cycloaliphatic polyamides, cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acid anhydrides, imidazoline salts, dicyandamides, phenols and alkylphenols.
10. The composition of claim 1 , where the spherical bead-forming liquid composition is a non-solids bearing homogenous liquid.
11. The composition of claim 1 , where the spherical bead-forming liquid composition has a liquid viscosity from about 20 centipoise (cp) to about 80 cp.
12. A method of fracturing a reservoir with a spherical bead-forming liquid composition that forms a hydraulic fracturing fluid that generates fractures in the reservoir, the method comprising the steps of:
mixing a primary liquid precursor and a secondary liquid precursor to form the spherical bead-forming liquid composition, where the primary liquid precursor comprises:
a micellar forming surfactant,
a bead-forming compound, and
a non-solids bearing liquid solvent;
where the secondary liquid precursor comprises:
one or more curing agents, and
one or more co-curing agents;
pumping the spherical bead-forming liquid composition into an injection well in the reservoir at an external pressure greater than a pressure to generate fractures in the reservoir;
allowing the spherical bead-forming liquid composition to migrate into the fractures of the reservoir; and
allowing the primary liquid precursor and secondary liquid precursor to react to form in-situ solid, individual, spherical beads, the solid, individual, spherical beads are operable to keep the fractures open against an overburden pressure after the external pressure is released.
13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising the step of adding an anti-foaming agent to the primary liquid precursor.
14. The method of claim 12 , further comprising the step of adding a pH control agent to the primary liquid precursor.
15. The method of claim 14 , where the pH control agent is selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium phosphate, sodium silicate, potassium silicate, organic acids, and combinations thereof.
16. The method of claim 12 , where the micellar forming surfactant is selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants and combinations thereof.
17. The method of claim 12 , where the bead-forming compound is selected from the group consisting of bis-phenol A, bis-phenol F, cycloaliphatic epoxides, glycidyl ethers, poly glycidyl ethers, novalac resins, polyurethane resins, acrylic resin, phenol-formaldehyde resin, epoxy functional resins, and combinations thereof.
18. The method of claim 12 , where the non-solids bearing liquid solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, brine containing mono and polyvalent salt, sea water, mineral oil, kerosene, diesel, crude oil, and petroleum condensate, low molecular weight alcohols, low molecular weight alcohol ethers, benzyl alcohol, and benzyl alcohol ethers, ethyl carbitol ether, γ-butyrolactone, phenol alkoxylates, alkylphenol alkoxylates, and combinations thereof.
19. The method of claim 12 , where the one or more curing agents are selected from the group consisting of lewis acids, tertiary amines, mono ethanol amine, benzyl dimethylamine, 1,4-diaza-bicylo [2,2,2] octane, 1,8-diazabicylo [5,4,0] undec-7ene, cycloaliphatic amines, amidoamines, aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, isophorone, isophorone diamine, polyamides, boron tri-fluoride derivatives, functional resins, imidazoles, imidazolines, mercaptans, sulfide, hydrazides, amides and their derivatives.
20. The method of claim 12 , where the one or more co-curing agents are selected from the group consisting of water, fatty acids, such as oleic acid, tall oil fatty acid, ricinoleic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, stearic acid as well as alkoxylated alcohols, dicarboxylic acids, carboxylic acids, imidazolines, dicyandiamides, ureas, imidazoles, thiols, aliphatic polyamines, cycloaliphatic polyamides, cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acid anhydrides, imidazoline salts, dicyandamides, phenols and alkylphenols.
21. The method of claim 12 , where the spherical bead-forming liquid composition is a non-solids bearing homogenous liquid.
22. The method of claim 12 , where the spherical bead-forming liquid composition has a liquid viscosity from about 20 centipoise (cp) to about 80 cp.
23. The method of claim 12 , where the step of allowing the primary liquid precursor and secondary liquid precursor to react to form solid, individual, spherical beads comprises the step of allowing solid, individual, spherical beads of increasingly smaller size to form at increasing distances from the injection well.