Vortex tube reformer for hydrogen production, separation, and integrated use
A reformer assembly includes a vortex tube receiving heated fuel mixed with steam. A catalyst coats the inner wall of the main tube of the vortex tube and a hydrogen-permeable tube is positioned in the middle of the main tube coaxially with the main tube. With this structure the vortex tube outputs primarily Hydrogen from one end and Carbon-based constituents from the other end. In some embodiments a second vortex tube receives the Carbon output of the first vortex tube to establish a water gas shift reactor, producing Hydrogen from the Carbon output of the first vortex tube.
1. An assembly, comprising:
at least one vortex tube having an inlet and at least a Hydrogen outlet; and
at least one reformer mechanism associated with the vortex tube to remove Hydrogen from Carbon in molecules of hydrocarbon fuel input to the inlet, the reformer mechanism including a catalytic constituent inside the vortex tube; and heated water vapor injected into the vortex tube along with the hydrocarbon fuel, wherein the vortex tube comprises:
a swirl chamber, the inlet of the vortex tube being into the swirl chamber, the vortex tube comprising a main tube segment communicating with the swirl chamber and having a Carbon outlet different from the hydrogen outlet, the inlet being between the Hydrogen outlet and the Carbon outlet;
the heated water vapor injected into the vortex tube along with the hydrocarbon fuel being received from a mixing reservoir in fluid communication with a water reservoir and a hydrocarbon fuel reservoir;
the vortex tube being configured to generate hydrogen by reforming the hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon fuel received with heated water vapor.
2. The assembly of claim 1 , comprising at least one engine having an input port in fluid communication with the hydrogen outlet of the vortex tube, wherein a fuel intake of the engine is in fluid communication with the Carbon outlet different from the hydrogen outlet of the vortex tube.
3. The assembly of claim 2 , wherein the Carbon outlet different from the hydrogen outlet is juxtaposed with an inside surface of a wall of the main tube segment.
4. The assembly of claim 1 , comprising at least one hydrogen-permeable tube disposed centrally in the main tube segment and defining the hydrogen outlet at one end of the hydrogen-permeable tube.
5. The assembly of claim 1 , comprising plural vortex tubes arranged in a toroidal configuration, a first vortex tube in the plural vortex tubes defining the inlet of the vortex tube and providing fluid to an inlet of a next vortex tube in the plural vortex tubes.
6. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the inlet of the vortex tube is in fluid communication with an exhaust of an engine.
7. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the mixer injects into the vortex tube a steam/hydrocarbon mixture, the vortex tube being configured such that the steam/hydrocarbon mixture enters the main tube segment tangentially, the main tube segment defining a tube axis, an input axis of the swirl chamber not being parallel to the tube axis.
8. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein an input of the main tube segment receiving a steam/hydrocarbon mixture from the swirl chamber is at an end of the main tube segment.
9. A method comprising:
reforming hydrocarbon fuel using at least one vortex tube;
the reforming including removing Hydrogen from Carbon-based constituents in molecules of the hydrocarbon fuel;
separating the Hydrogen from the Carbon-based constituents using the vortex tube to render a Hydrogen stream substantially free of Carbon; and
providing the Hydrogen stream to a hydrogen receiver, wherein the vortex tube comprises:
a catalytic constituent inside the vortex tube;
a swirl chamber, the inlet of the vortex tube being into the swirl chamber, the vortex tube comprising a main tube segment communicating with the swirl chamber and having a Carbon outlet different from the hydrogen outlet, the inlet being between the Hydrogen outlet and the Carbon outlet;
the hydrocarbon fuel being received tangentially into the main tube segment in a steam/hydrocarbon mixture from a mixing reservoir in fluid communication with a steam reservoir and a hydrocarbon fuel reservoir;
the vortex tube being configured to generate hydrogen by reforming the hydrocarbon in the steam/hydrocarbon mixture.
10. The method of claim 9 , comprising reforming exhaust from an engine using the vortex tube, the engine receiving the Hydrocarbon stream.
11. The method of claim 10 , comprising providing the Carbon-based constituents to the engine.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the engine is a diesel engine.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the main tube segment defines a tube axis, an input axis of the swirl chamber not being parallel to the tube axis.
14. The method of claim 9 wherein an input of the main tube segment receiving the steam/hydrocarbon mixture from the swirl chamber is at an end of the main tube segment.