Subnanometer to nanometer transition metal CO oxidation catalysts
The present invention provides a catalyst defined in part by a conductive substrate; a film overlaying a surface of the substrate; and a plurality of metal clusters supported by the layer, wherein each cluster comprises between 8 and 11 atoms. Further provided is a catalyst defined in part by a conductive substrate; a layer overlaying a surface of the substrate; and a plurality of metal clusters supported by the layer, wherein each cluster comprises at least two metals.
1. A catalyst comprising:
a support substrate;
a film overlaying a surface of the substrate; and
a plurality of metal clusters supported by a three dimensional scaffold on the surface of the film, wherein each cluster comprises between 8 and 12 atoms.
2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is silicon, the film is alumina and the metal is platinum.
3. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the three dimensional scaffold on the surface of the film is a surface roughness of the film of approximately 0.3 nm R rms and higher.
4. The catalyst of claim 3 , wherein the film comprises an amorphous material.
5. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the film is between approximately 0.3 nm and approximately 5 nm thick.
6. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the film is selected from the group consisting of amorphous alumina, ordered alumina crystal, and combinations thereof.
7. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein some of the atoms reside in different planes from each other.
8. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the scaffold is a structure selected from the group consisting of nanotubes, nanorods, crystal matrices, surfaces of amorphous films, and combinations thereof.
9. The catalyst of claim 1 wherein each cluster comprises at least two metals.
10. The catalyst of claim 9 , wherein each of the at least two metals are selected from the group consisting of platinum, silver, gold, cobalt, palladium, ruthenium, nickel, gold, thodium, and combinations thereof.
11. The catalyst of claim 9 wherein the scaffold is built from one metal of the at least two metals.
12. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein each cluster comprises platinum and silver.
13. The catalyst of claim 12 , wherein each cluster comprises from two to three atoms of platinum and nine atoms of silver.
14. The catalyst of claim 13 , wherein each cluster of atoms further contains cobalt, or nickel, or both cobalt and nickel.
15. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the clusters are deposited on a 3-D structure defined by the film.