Oxygen sensors
Oxygen sensing luminescent dyes, polymers and sensors comprising these sensors and methods of using these sensors and systems are provided.
1. A method for detecting an analyte comprising placing a tissue-integrating sensor comprising a polymer, wherein said polymer comprises one or more residues of a luminescent dye, and wherein the luminescent dye is a photostable porphyrin dye and has excitation and emission spectra in the NIR optical window of a mammalian skin
wherein the luminescent dye is a compound having the formula:
wherein M is H, Pd, Zn, Pt, Gd or Yb;
each R 1 is same or different and, independently, C(O)X—(CH 2 ) n —YC(O)C(R 4 )CH 2 or C(O)X—(CH 2 CH 2 O) m CH 2 CH 2 —YC(O)C(R 4 )CH 2 ;
R 7 is C(O)X—(CH 2 ) n —YC(O)C(R 4 )CH 2 or C(O)X—(CH 2 CH 2 O) m CH 2 CH 2 —YC(O)C(R 4 )CH 2 ;
R 2 and R 3 are fused, in each case, to form a cycloalkenyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group;
X is O or NR 5 ;
Y is O;
R 5 and R 4 are independently H or C 1 -C 4 alkyl;
each R 6 is same or different and, independently, H or F;
n is 1-10; and
m is 1-300
under the skin of a mammalian subject.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein M is Pd.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein M is Pd, R 2 and R 3 are fused to form a benzene ring, and R 1 and R 7 are both C(O)NH(CH 2 ) 2 OC(O)C(CH 3 )CH 2 .
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the luminescent dye has an absorption maximum between 500 nm and 900 nm and an emission maximum between 600 nm and 1000 nm.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the residue of the luminescent dye is present at a concentration from about 0.01 mM to about 5 mM.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the residue of the luminescent dye is present at the concentration of about 1 mM.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the polymer further comprises the residues of HEMA.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the polymer is a hydrogel.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the analyte is oxygen.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the sensor generates detectable luminescent signal when placed under the skin of a mammalian subject.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the sensor generates detectable luminescent signal when placed up to about 5 mm deep under the skin of a mammalian subject.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the sensor generates detectable luminescent signal when placed more than 1 mm deep under the skin of a mammalian subject.
13. The method of claim 10 wherein the mammalian subject is a human.
14. The method of claim 10 wherein the sensor is stable in a mammalian tissue for longer than 1 week.
15. The method of claim 1 further comprising an oxidase.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the oxidase is a glucose oxidase, ethanol oxidase, lactate oxidase, pyruvate oxidase, bilirubin oxidase, or histamine oxidase.
17. The method of claim 15 wherein the analyte is oxygen consumed by the oxidase.
18. The method of claim 16 wherein the oxidase is a glucose oxidase, ethanol oxidase, lactate oxidase, pyruvate oxidase, bilirubin oxidase, or histamine oxidase.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein the sensor is tissue-integrating.
20. The method of claim 1 wherein R 2 and R 3 are fused to form an aryl.
21. The method of claim 1 wherein R 2 and R 3 are fused to form a heteroaryl.
22. The method of claim 1 wherein R 2 and R 3 are fused to form a cycloalkenyl.
23. The method of claim 1 wherein and R 1 and R 7 are both C(O)X—(CH 2 ) n —YC(O)C(R 4 )CH 2 .
24. The method of claim 4 wherein the luminescent dye has an absorption maximum between 500 nm and 800 nm.
25. The method of claim 4 wherein the luminescent dye has an emission maximum between 650 nm and 900 nm.