Treatment of nervous system disorders using combinations of RXR agonists and thyroid hormones
Disclosed herein are methods of treating disease with a combination of a RXR agonist and a thyroid hormone.
1. A method of treating Parkinson's Disease, the method comprising administering to an individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a RXR agonist and a thyroid hormone, wherein administration of the combination of the RXR agonist and the thyroid hormone treats the Parkinson's Disease in the individual, wherein the RXR agonist is 3,7-dimethyl-6(S),7(S)-methano,7-[1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphth-7-yl]2(E),4(E) heptadienoic acid, and has the structure of formula III:
bexarotene, or LG268;
and wherein the combination of RXR agonist and thyroid hormone causes a greater improvement in the Parkinson's Disease than the RXR agonist or thyroid hormone alone.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein the combination of RXR agonist and thyroid hormone treats Parkinson's Disease in the individual by both promoting remyelination and neuroprotection of neurons and modulating the individual's immune system.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the RXR agonist is a selective RXR agonist and comprises 3,7-dimethyl-6(S),7(S)-methano,7-[1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphth-7-yl]2(E),4(E) heptadienoic acid.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the RXR agonist is bexarotene.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the RXR agonist is LG268.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the therapeutically effective amount of the RXR agonist is about 0.001 mg/day to about 100 mg/day.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the therapeutically effective amount of the RXR agonist is about 1 mg/day to about 20 mg/day.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the thyroid hormone is thyroxine.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the dose of thyroxine is about 12.5 μg/day to about 250 μg/day.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the RXR agonist is administered by nasal administration.
11. The method according to claim 7 , wherein both the RXR agonist and thyroxine are administered by nasal administration.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the RXR agonist is administered orally.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the RXR agonist and the thyroxine are administered substantially simultaneously.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the RXR agonist and thyroxine are administered on different schedules.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the thyroid hormone is administered orally or subcutaneously.
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein treatment with the combination of RXR agonist and thyroxine reduces at least one symptom of Parkinson's Disease, wherein the at least one symptom reduced is tremor (can occur at rest, in the hands, limbs, or can be postural): stiff muscles, difficulty standing, difficulty walking, difficulty with bodily movements, involuntary movements, muscle rigidity, problems with coordination, rhythmic muscle contractions, slow bodily movement, slow shuffling gait, daytime sleepiness, early awakening, nightmares, restless sleep, fatigue, dizziness, poor balance, restlessness, amnesia, confusion in the evening hours, dementia, difficulty thinking and understanding, impaired voice, soft speech, voice box spasms, anxiety, apathy, distorted sense of smell, loss of smell, dribbling of urine, leaking of urine, jaw stiffness, reduced facial expression, blank stare, constipation, depression, difficulty swallowing, drooling, falling, fear of falling, loss in contrast sensitivity, neck tightness, small handwriting, trembling, unintentional writhing, or weight loss.
17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein treatment with the combination of RXR agonist and thyroxine reduces at least two symptoms of Parkinson's Disease.
18. The method according to claim 16 , wherein treatment with the combination of RXR agonist and thyroxine reduces at least five symptoms of Parkinson's Disease.
19. A method of promoting survival or repair of neurons or glial cells in a patient with Parkinson's Disease, the method comprising administering to an individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a RXR agonist and a thyroid hormone, wherein the RXR agonist is 3,7-dimethyl-6(S),7(S)-methano,7-[1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphth-7-yl]2(E),4(E) heptadienoic acid, bexarotene, or LG268, and administration of the combination of the RXR agonist and the thyroid hormone promotes survival or repair of neurons or glial cells in the individual more effectively that treatment with the selective RXR agonist or thyroid hormone alone.