Inorganic/polymeric hybrid catalytic materials with high activity in various solvents
Catalytic materials, particularly membranes, exhibiting high activity, high stability and low metal leaching in a variety of chemical reactions, particularly selective hydrogenations of unsaturated organic compounds, are described. These membranes are inorganic/polymeric hybrid materials in which metal complex molecular catalysts are immobilized or metal nano-particle catalysts are embedded. More specifically, the catalytic materials of the present invention exhibit higher activity and selectivity, and can be used in more extensive kinds of organic solvents than the conventional hybrid catalytic materials due to improvement in the affinity to organic solvents by containing the specific polymeric additives.
1. A catalytic material, comprising
a hybrid compound comprising
a zirconic acid compound,
polyvinyl alcohol, and
a polymer comprising
a unit of —CH 2 —CH 2 —O— and a branch structure therein or
a unit of —Si(CH 3 ) 2 —O— in which methyl group at part of the silicon atom is substituted by carboxyl group; and
a metal particle catalyst of aggregates of metal atoms in zero-valent state,
wherein
the metal particle catalyst is embedded in the hybrid compound, and
an amount of uptake of methanol and ethanol in the hybrid compound is increased by adding the polymer into the hybrid compound.
2. The catalytic material according to claim 1 , wherein the polymeric additive is the polymeric additive comprising polymer comprises a unit of —CH 2 —CH 2 —O— and a branch structure, which is polyoxyethylene/polyglyceryl ether.
3. The catalytic material according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises a unit of —Si(CH 3 ) 2 —O— in which methyl group at part of the silicon atom is substituted by carboxyl group.
4. The catalytic material according to claim 1 , wherein the metal particle catalyst comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, osmium, iridium, platinum and gold.
5. The catalytic material according to claim 1 , wherein the metal particle catalyst is palladium particle catalyst.
6. The catalytic material according to claim 1 , wherein the catalytic material is a membrane.
7. A method for preparing the catalytic material according to claim 1 , the method comprising
1) synthesizing the hybrid compound by neutralizing a salt of the metal particle catalyst, and at least one of zirconium salt and oxyzirconium salt with alkali in a solution containing polyvinyl alcohol and the polymer, and then removing the solvent,
2) or immersing a solid mixture of polyvinyl alcohol, the polymer, the salt of the metal particle catalyst, and the at least one of zirconium salt and oxyzirconium salt in an alkali solution or smearing the solid mixture with the alkali solution and neutralizing the mixture, and
3) reducing thus synthesized hybrid compound to turn oxides, hydroxides, or both the oxides and the hydroxides of the metal particle catalyst into metal particles.