Chromatography columns
A chromatography column ( 2 ) containing a bed of packed particles ( 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 ), wherein the packed particles comprise fused core particles and the particle diameters of the packed particles vary along the column. Preferably, the particles ( 2, 24, 26, 28, 30 ) are arranged according to their average particle diameter, in order of increasing average particle diameter from the inlet end ( 4 ) to the outlet end ( 6 ). The bed may comprise a plurality of bed sections and each bed section has an average particle diameter calculated from the particles in that section and there are at least two different average particle diameter bed sections, wherein the particles of each bed are separated from particles of an adjacent bed by a partition that is liquid permeable to allow through a flow of mobile phase. A high column efficiency can be provided with lower pressure drop per unit length of the column.
1. A chromatography column comprising a bed of packed particles, wherein the packed particles include fused core particles and the particles of the bed are arranged in the column according to their particle diameter, wherein the outlet end of the chromatography column is plugged with a porous frit configured to retain the packed particles in the chromatography column but allowing through a liquid outflow,
wherein the bed of particles comprises a plurality of bed sections and at least one bed section has a different average particle diameter calculated from the particles in that bed section to the other bed section(s),
wherein the plurality of bed sections are arranged in a plurality of separate compartments in the column, and
wherein the bed sections are arranged according to their average particle diameter in order of increasing average particle diameter from the inlet end to the outlet end of the column.
2. The chromatography column as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the thickness of an outer porous layer of the fused core particles is substantially the same for all the particles.
3. The chromatography column as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the plurality of bed sections are arranged in series along the length of the column.
4. The chromatography column as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the number of bed sections is from 3 to 10.
5. The chromatography column as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the particles of each bed section are separated from particles of an adjacent bed section by a partition that is liquid permeable to allow through a flow of mobile phase.
6. The chromatography column as claimed in claim 5 , wherein each partition substantially prevents particles from one section from mixing with particles of an adjacent section.
7. The chromatography column as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the partition is a frit.
8. The chromatography column as claimed in claim 1 , wherein each bed section comprises a different size grade of particles to form a gradient.
9. The chromatography column as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least some of the bed sections are of different length.
10. The chromatography column as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the particle diameters vary along the column according to a stepwise gradient.
11. The chromatography column as claimed in claim 1 wherein additionally to the fused core particles a minor proportion of the packed particles comprise fully porous particles.
12. A chromatography column, comprising a bed of packed particles, wherein the packed particles include fused core particles and the particles of the bed are arranged in the column according to their particle diameter, wherein the outlet end of the chromatography column is plugged with a porous frit configured to retain the packed particles in the chromatography column but allowing through a liquid outflow,
wherein the bed of particles comprises a plurality of bed sections and at least one bed section has a different average particle diameter calculated from the particles in that bed section to the other bed section(s),
wherein the column comprises a plurality of sub-columns that are connectable together in series, wherein the bed sections are each provided in a respective sub-column, and
wherein the bed sections are arranged according to their average particle diameter in order of increasing average particle diameter from the inlet end to the outlet end of the column.
13. The chromatography column as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the sub-columns are connectable together by screw fittings.
14. The chromatography column as claimed in claim 13 , wherein a partition is located in the screw fitting between sub-columns, in which the partition is liquid permeable to allow through a flow of mobile phase.
15. The chromatography column as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the thickness of an outer porous layer of the fused core particles is substantially the same for all the particles.
16. The chromatography column as claimed in claim 12 , wherein each bed section comprises a different size grade of particles to form a gradient.
17. The chromatography column as claimed in claim 12 , wherein at least some of the bed sections are of different length.
18. The chromatography column as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the particle diameters vary along the column according to a stepwise gradient.
19. The chromatography column as claimed in claim 12 , wherein additionally to the fused core particles a minor proportion of the packed particles comprise fully porous particles.
20. A chromatography column, comprising a bed of packed particles, wherein the packed particles include fused core particles and the particles of the bed are arranged in the column according to their particle diameter, wherein the outlet end of the chromatography column is plugged with a porous frit configured to retain the packed particles in the chromatography column but allowing through a liquid outflow,
wherein the bed of particles comprises a plurality of bed sections and at least one bed section has a different average particle diameter calculated from the particles in that bed section to the other bed section(s),
wherein the bed sections are of equal length, and
wherein the bed sections are arranged according to their average particle diameter in order of increasing average particle diameter from the inlet end to the outlet end of the column.
21. A method of chromatography comprising flowing a mobile phase containing a sample to be separated through a chromatography column, the chromatography column comprising:
a bed of packed particles, wherein the packed particles include fused core particles and the particles of the bed are arranged in the column according to their particle diameter, wherein the outlet end of the chromatography column is plugged with a porous frit configured to retain the packed particles in the chromatography column but allowing through a liquid outflow,
wherein the bed of particles comprises a plurality of bed sections and at least one bed section has a different average particle diameter calculated from the particles in that bed section to the other bed section(s),
wherein the plurality of bed sections are arranged in a plurality of separate compartments in the column, and
wherein the bed sections are arranged according to their average particle diameter in order of increasing average particle diameter from the inlet end to the outlet end of the column.