Method for heat-treating a material flow and for cleaning resulting exhaust gases
Methods for the heat treatment of a material flow and the cleaning of resulting exhaust gases are disclosed. The material flow may be preheated in a preheating zone, burned in a sintering zone, and cooled in a cooling zone. Exhaust gases of the sintering zone may flow through a preheater and be used for preheating the material flow. The exhaust gases leaving the preheater may be cooled at least partially in a comminuting device in interconnected operation or at least partially in a cooling device in direct operation. Exhaust gases may then be at least partly dedusted in a dust filter. A temperature of the dedusted exhaust gas may then be raised before the exhaust gas is cleaned of pollutants in at least one catalyst. A temperature at which the exhaust gases flow through the catalyst in direct operation may be higher, at least in phases, than a temperature at which the exhaust gases flow through the catalyst in interconnected operation.
1. A method for heat-treating a material flow and for cleaning resulting exhaust gases, wherein the material flow is preheated in a preheating zone, burned in a sintering zone, and cooled in a cooling zone, the method comprising:
preheating the material flow using exhaust gases of the sintering zone that flow through a preheater;
switching between cooling exhaust gases that leave the preheater at least partially in a drying, pelletizing, and/or comminuting device in interconnected operation and cooling exhaust gases that leave the preheater at least partially in a cooling device in direct operation;
dedusting the cooled exhaust gases at least partially in a dust filter;
increasing a temperature of the dedusted exhaust gases; and
removing pollutants from the exhaust gases with the increased temperature in at least one catalyst, wherein a temperature at which the exhaust gases flow through the at least one catalyst in direct operation is higher at least at one point in time than a temperature at which the exhaust gases flow through the at least one catalyst in interconnected operation.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the temperature at which the exhaust gases flow through the at least one catalyst in direct operation is at least 10 degrees Celsius higher than the temperature of the exhaust gases in interconnected operation at least at one point in time.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein increasing the temperature of the dedusted exhaust gases occurs at least in part by heat displacement from a method of heat-treating the material flow by adding at least one of hot gases or firing.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein increasing the temperature of the dedusted exhaust gases occurs at least in part by heat exchange with the exhaust gases leaving the at least one catalyst.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein increasing the temperature of the dedusted exhaust gases occurs at least in part by at least one gas-gas heat exchanger.
6. The method of claim 1 further comprising reducing at least one of nitrogen-containing compounds or carbon-containing compounds in the at least one catalyst.
7. The method of claim 1 further comprising exposing the at least one catalyst to a deactivation in interconnected operation, wherein in direct operation at least partial reactivation of the at least one catalyst occurs at least at one point in time.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein in direct operation the method for heat-treating the material flow generates heat that is used to increase the temperature of the exhaust gas downstream of the dust filter.
9. The method of claim 7 wherein the deactivation that occurs in interconnected operation of the at least one catalyst is compensated for by utilizing the at least one catalyst that has dimensions such that a predetermined pollutant reduction rate of the at least one catalyst is achieved at an end of interconnected operation.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the deactivation is gradual.
11. The method of claim 7 wherein the deactivation is gradual.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the exhaust gases flowing through the at least one catalyst in interconnected operation have a temperature of at least 300 degrees Celsius.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein switching from interconnected operation to direct operation is based on a pollutant reduction rate of the at least one catalyst or a predetermined amount of time.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein in direct operation the exhaust gases that leave the preheater are cooled in the cooling device only to a maximum temperature suitable for the dust filter.
15. The method of claim 1 further comprising injecting an additive for reducing pollutants into the exhaust gas upstream of the at least one catalyst.
16. The method of claim 1 further comprising controlling the cooling device at times of catalyst reactivation so as to increase a temperature of waste air.