Fuels and chemicals from lower alkanes
Methods to synthesize fuels and chemicals from natural gas liquids are described. Higher alcohols are synthesized starting from natural gas liquid compounds by converting an alkane from a NGL to an olefin, dimerizing said olefin, and, hydrating said olefin product to form a higher alcohol. Higher alcohols are synthesized starting from natural gas liquid compounds by converting an alkane from a NGL to an olefin, oxidizing the olefin to form a ketone or aldehyde and, hydrogenating the aldehyde or ketone product to form a higher alcohol. Thus, NGL component butane may be dehydrogenated to form butane, butylene is oxidized in the presence of a catalyst to form methylethyl ketone and methylethyl ketone hydrogenated to form butanol.
1. A method to synthesize a higher alcohol starting from ethane derived from natural gas liquid compounds comprising the steps of:
a) Converting the ethane to ethylene by cracking at a temperature between 695 and 898° C.,
b) Oxidizing the ethylene to form acetaldehyde using a CuCl 2 , CuCl and PdCl 2 catalyst, and;
c) Hydrogenating the acetaldehyde to form ethanol.
2. The method of claim 1 where the oxidation step is a Wacker oxidation.
3. The method of claim 1 where the hydrogenation catalyst comprises a transition metal selected from ruthenium, copper, zinc, chromium, platinum or a mixture of two or more of them.
4. A method to synthesize a higher alcohol starting from an alkane derived from natural gas liquid compounds comprising the steps of:
d) Converting the ethane to ethylene by cracking at a temperature between 695 and 898° C.,
e) Dimerizing said ethylene to form 2-butene with a catalyst comprising diphenylphosphine nickel catalyst at 700 psi and 40 C, and,
f) Hydrating said 2-butene product with an acid catalyst selected from a heteropoly acid catalyst, a sulfonic acid catalyst loaded on a polymer or resin, a zeolite, an organopolysiloxane with acid functionalization or phosphoric acid doped on alumina to form 2-butanol.
5. The method of claim 4 where the natural gas liquid mixture comprising ethane, propane and is reacted without separation into its individual component gases.
6. The method of claim 4 where said alkane is converted to olefin by thermal cracking.
7. The method of claim 4 where said catalyst employed in dimerization of olefin is comprises a transition metal from nickel or titanium.
8. The method of claim 4 where said catalyst employed in hydration of olefin dimer is an acid catalyst.
9. The method of claim 4 where said higher alcohol is blended with gasoline.
10. The method of claim 4 where said higher alcohol is butanol where:
a) Converting ethane to ethylene,
b) Dimerizing ethylene to form butylene, and,
c) Hydrating butylenes to form butanol.
11. A method of claim 4 where ethane is converted to ethylene by thermal cracking.
12. A method of claim 4 where said catalyst employed in dimerization of ethylene comprises a transition metal selected from nickel or titanium.