High titer recombinant influenza viruses for vaccines
The invention provides a composition useful to prepare high titer influenza viruses, e.g., in the absence of helper virus, which includes at least five internal genes from an influenza virus isolate that replicates to high titers in embryonated chicken eggs or MDCK cells.
1. A composition comprising a plurality of influenza virus vectors, comprising
a) i) a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus PA cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus PB1 cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus PB2 cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus HA cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus NP cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus NA cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus M cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, and a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus NS cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, wherein the cDNAs for PB1, PB2, PA, NP, NA, and M have sequences that encode a polypeptide having at least 99% contiguous amino acid sequence identity to a corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NOs:1-5 and a polypeptide having at least 90% contiguous amino acid sequence identity to a corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:8, a cDNA for NS that has a Glu residue at position 55 corresponding to position 55 in a NS1 polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:38 and encodes a polypeptide having at least 97% contiguous amino acid sequence identity to a corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:6, and wherein the cDNA for HA has sequences from a different influenza virus strain than a strain having gene segments with sequences corresponding to the cDNAs for PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M, NS, and NA having SEQ ID Nos. 1-6 and 8; or
ii) a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus PA cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus PB1 cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus PB2 cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus HA cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus NP cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus NA cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus M cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, and a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus NS cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, wherein the cDNAs for PB1, PB2, PA, NP, and M have sequences that encode a polypeptide having at least 99% contiguous amino acid sequence identity to a corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NOs:1-5, a cDNA for NS that has a Glu residue at position 55 corresponding to position 55 in a NS1 polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:38 and encodes a polypeptide having at least 97% contiguous amino acid sequence identity to a corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:6, wherein the cDNA for NA is from the one or more influenza viruses that replicate to high titers in embryonated eggs or has sequences for a heterologous NA, and wherein the cDNA for HA has sequences for a heterologous HA;
or iii) a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus PA cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus PB1 cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus PB2 cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus HA cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus NP cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus NA cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus M cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, and a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus NS cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, wherein the cDNAs for PB1, PB2, PA, NP, and M have sequences that encode a polypeptide having at least 99% contiguous amino acid sequence identity to a corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NOs:1-5, wherein the PB2 has a tyrosine at position 360, a cDNA for NS that has a Glu residue at position 55 corresponding to position 55 in a NS1 polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:38 and encodes a polypeptide having at least 97% contiguous amino acid sequence identity to a corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:6, wherein the cDNA for NA has sequences for a heterologous NA, and wherein the cDNA for HA has sequences for a heterologous HA; and
b) a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus PA, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus PB1, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus PB2, and a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus NP, and optionally a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus HA, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus NA, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus M1, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus M2, or a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus NS2,
wherein the plurality of vectors of a)i) or a)ii) and b), when introduced to cells, result in production of influenza virus which is capable of enhanced replication in embryonated eggs relative to a corresponding influenza virus that does not have a NA with sequences that encode polypeptide having at least 90% contiguous amino acid sequence identity to a corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:8, does not have a NA from an influenza virus that replicates to high titers in embryonated eggs or does not have sequences for a heterologous NA, or does not have a NS with a Glu residue at position 55 corresponding to position 55 in a NS1 polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:38; or
wherein the plurality of vectors of a)iii) and b), when introduced to cells, result in production of influenza virus which is capable of enhanced replication in MDCK cells relative to a corresponding influenza virus that does not have a NA with sequences for a heterologous NA, has a PB2 with a serine at position 360, or does not have a NS with a Glu residue at position 55 corresponding to position 55 in a NS1 polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:38.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the cDNAs for PB1, PB2, PA, NP, and M encode a polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NOs:1-5.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the cDNA for NS encodes a polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:38.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the promoter is a RNA polymerase I promoter, a RNA polymerase II promoter, a RNA polymerase III promoter, a T3 promoter or a T7 promoter.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein a plurality of the vectors of a) comprise a RNA polymerase I promoter or a RNA polymerase II promoter.
6. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the RNA polymerase I promoter is a human RNA polymerase I promoter.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein each vector of a) is on a separate plasmid.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the NA or HA is a chimeric NA or HA.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the cDNA for HA does not encode a polypeptide corresponding to the polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:7.
10. A method to prepare influenza virus, comprising: contacting a cell with one of:
i) a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus PA cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus PB1 cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus PB2 cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus HA cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus NP cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus NA cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus M cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, and a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus NS cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, wherein the cDNAs for PB1, PB2, PA, NP, NA, and M have sequences that encode a polypeptide having at least 99% contiguous amino acid sequence identity to a corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NOs:1-5 and a polypeptide having at least 90% contiguous amino acid sequence identity to a corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:8, a cDNA for NS that has a Glu residue at position 55 corresponding to position 55 in a NS1 polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:38 and encodes a polypeptide having at least 97% contiguous amino acid sequence identity to a corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:6, and wherein the cDNA for HA has sequences from a different influenza virus strain than a strain having gene segments with sequences corresponding to the cDNAs for PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M, NS, and NA having SEQ ID Nos. 1-6 and 8;
and a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus PA, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus PB1, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus PB2, and a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus NP, and optionally a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus HA, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus NA, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus M1, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus M2, or a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus NS2;
ii) a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus PA cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus PB1 cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus PB2 cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus HA cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus NP cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus NA cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus M cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, and a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus NS cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, wherein the cDNAs for PB1, PB2, PA, NP, and M have sequences that encode a polypeptide having at least 99% contiguous amino acid sequence identity to a corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NOs:1-5, a cDNA for NS that has a Glu residue at position 55 corresponding to position 55 in a NS1 polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:38 and encodes a polypeptide having at least 97% contiguous amino acid sequence identity to a corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:6, wherein the cDNA for NA is from the one or more influenza viruses that replicate to high titers in embryonated eggs or has sequences for a heterologous NA, and wherein the cDNA for HA has sequences for a heterologous HA; and
a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus PA, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus PB1, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus PB2, and a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus NP, and optionally a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus HA, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus NA, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus M1, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus M2, or a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus NS2; or
iii) a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus PA cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus PB1 cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus PB2 cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus HA cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus NP cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus NA cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus M cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, and a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus NS cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, wherein the cDNAs for PB1, PB2, PA, NP, and M have sequences that encode a polypeptide having at least 99% contiguous amino acid sequence identity to a corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NOs:1-5, wherein the PB2 has a tyrosine at position 360, a cDNA for NS that has a Glu residue at position 55 corresponding to position 55 in a NS1 polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:38 and encodes a polypeptide having at least 97% contiguous amino acid sequence identity to a corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:6, wherein the cDNA for NA has sequences for a heterologous NA, and wherein the cDNA for HA has sequences for a heterologous HA; and a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus PA, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus PB1, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus PB2, and a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus NP, and optionally a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus HA, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus NA, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus M1, a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus M2, or a vector comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus NS2;
in an amount effective to yield infectious influenza virus,
wherein the vectors of i) or ii), when introduced to cells, result in production of influenza virus which is capable of enhanced replication in embryonated eggs relative to a corresponding influenza virus that does not have a NA with sequences that encode polypeptide having at least 90% contiguous amino acid sequence identity to a corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:8, does not have a NA from an influenza virus that replicates to high titers in embryonated eggs or does not have sequences for a heterologous NA, or does not have a NS with a Glu residue at position 55 corresponding to position 55 in a NS1 polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:38; or
wherein the vectors of iii), when introduced to cells, result in production of influenza virus which is capable of enhanced replication in MDCK cells relative to a corresponding influenza virus that does not have a NA with sequences for a heterologous NA, has a PB2 with a serine at position 360, or does not have a NS with a Glu residue at position 55 corresponding to position 55 in a NS1 polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:38.
11. The method of claim 10 further comprising isolating the virus.
12. An isolated recombinant influenza virus comprising i) a viral segment for PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M, and NA that is from an influenza virus that replicates to high titers in embryonated eggs, a viral segment for NS with a Glu residue at position 55 which corresponds to position 55 in a NS1 polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:6, and a viral segment for a heterologous HA; ii) a viral segment for PB1, PB2, PA, NP, and M that is from an influenza virus that replicates to high titers in embryonated eggs, a viral segment for NS with a Glu residue at position 55 which corresponds to position 55 in a NS1 polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:6, a viral segment for NA that is from a virus that replicates to high titers in embyronated eggs, and a viral segment for a heterologous HA; or iii) a viral segment for PB2 that encodes a PB2 having at least 99% amino acid sequence identity to a PB2 encoded by SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:33 which PB2 has a serine or tyrosine at position 360 which corresponds to position 360 in a PB2 polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:3 but which viral segment does not encode a PB2 encoded by SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:33.
13. The isolated recombinant virus of claim 12 , wherein the influenza virus that replicates to high titers is PR8HG.
14. The isolated recombinant influenza virus of claim 12 ii, wherein the viral segment for PB1, PB2, PA, NP, and M is from PR8HG.
15. The isolated recombinant influenza virus of claim 12 ii, wherein the viral segment for NA is from PR8.
16. The isolated recombinant influenza virus of claim 12 ii, wherein the viral segment for NA is heterologous to the viral segments for PB1, PB2, PA, NP, and M.
17. The isolated recombinant influenza virus of claim 12 ii, wherein the viral segment for HA is for H5.
18. The isolated recombinant virus of claim 12 iii, which has one or more but less than 20 substitutions relative to SEQ ID NO:3.
19. The isolated recombinant virus of claim 18 , wherein the one or more substitutions include conservative substitutions.
20. The composition of claim 1 a)i), wherein the PB2 has a serine at position 360.
21. The composition of claim 1 a)ii), wherein the cDNAs for PB1, PB2, PA, or NP encode a polypeptide encoded by one of SEQ ID NOs:33-36.
22. The composition of claim 1 a)ii), wherein the PB2 has a serine at position 360.
23. The composition of claim 1 a)iii), wherein the cDNAs for PB1, PB2, PA, and NP do not encode a polypeptide encoded by one of SEQ ID NOs:33-36.