Linear guide with combined load and position measurement

1. A linear guide comprising:

a guide rail which extends in a longitudinal direction;

a guide carriage mounted on the guide rail and configured to be linearly movable in the longitudinal direction;

at least one sensor attached to the guide carriage and configured to measure an elastic change in position of the guide carriage relative to the guide rail, the at least one sensor comprising at least one emitter winding arrangement connected to an alternating-current source; and

at least one receiver winding arrangement, which differs from the at least one emitter winding arrangement, the at least one receiver winding arrangement being inductively coupled to the at least one emitter winding arrangement,

further comprising:

at least one incremental material measure attached to the guide rail which extends in the longitudinal direction and which has a multiplicity of markings,

wherein the at least one sensor is arranged opposite the at least one incremental material measure such that the markings of the at least one incremental material measure influence the inductive coupling between the at least one emitter winding arrangement and the at least one receiver winding arrangement; and

further comprising:

an evaluation device configured to determine, from voltages induced in the at least one receiver winding arrangement, both (i) elastic changes in position of the guide carriage relative to the guide rail and (ii) changes in position taking place in the longitudinal direction of the guide carriage relative to the guide rail.

2. The linear guide as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one of (i) the at least one emitter winding arrangement and (ii) the at least one receiver winding arrangement is in the form of a planar winding arrangement.

3. A linear guide comprising:

a guide rail which extends in a longitudinal direction;

a guide carriage mounted on the guide rail and configured to be linearly movable in the longitudinal direction;

at least one sensor attached to the guide carriage and configured to measure an elastic change in position of the guide carriage relative to the guide rail, the at least one sensor comprising at least one emitter winding arrangement connected to an alternating-current source; and

at least one receiver winding arrangement, which differs from the at least one emitter winding arrangement, the at least one receiver winding arrangement being inductively coupled to the at least one emitter winding arrangement,

further comprising:

at least one first sensor and at least one second sensor, which are configured to generate mutually phase-offset sinusoidal signals; and

further comprising:

a third sensor configured to generate an absolute signal, the third sensor being assigned an absolute material measure having a pitch spacing which is at least one of equal to and greater than a pitch spacing of an incremental material measure which is assigned to the first sensor and to the second sensor.

4. The linear guide as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the guide carriage comprises a temperature sensor.

5. The linear guide as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one sensor is configured to operate differentially transversely with respect to the longitudinal direction.

6. A method for operating a linear guide including (i) a guide rail which extends in a longitudinal direction, (ii) a guide carriage mounted on the guide rail and configured to be linearly movable in the longitudinal direction, (iii) at least one sensor attached to the guide carriage and configured to measure an elastic change in position of the guide carriage relative to the guide rail, the at least one sensor comprising at least one emitter winding arrangement connected to an alternating-current source, and (iv) at least one receiver winding arrangement, which differs from the at least one emitter winding arrangement, the at least one receiver winding arrangement being inductively coupled to the at least one emitter winding arrangement, the method comprising:

simultaneously measuring, using the at least one sensor, (i) a position of the guide carriage relative to the guide rail in the longitudinal direction and (ii) a position of the guide carriage relative to the guide rail at least one of in the transverse direction and with respect to an axis of rotation;

determining, from voltages induced in the at least one receiver winding arrangement, both (i) elastic changes in position of the guide carriage relative to the guide rail and (ii) changes in position taking place in the longitudinal direction of the guide carriage relative to the guide rail;

determining at least one of an amplitude and an offset of the voltages induced in the at least one receiver winding arrangement; and

determining an elastic change in position of the guide carriage relative to the guide rail from a change in the at least one of the amplitude and the offset; and

calculating a force acting on the guide carriage from the determined elastic change in position and from one of a calculated elasticity of the linear guide and a measured elasticity of the linear guide.

7. The method as claimed in claim 6 , further comprising:

calculating a remaining service life of the linear guide based on a variation of the determined force with respect to time.

8. The method as claimed in claim 6 , further comprising:

determining a change in the angular position of the guide carriage relative to the guide rail from at least one of an amplitude difference and a phase difference of signals of the first sensor and the second sensor.

9. The method as claimed in claim 6 , further comprising:

measuring a temperature of the at least one sensor; and

removing an influence of temperature on a signal of the at least one sensor based on the measured temperature.

10. The method as claimed in claim 6 ,

further comprising:

estimating at least one of environmental and state influences which are not forces acting on the guide carriage from voltages induced in the at least one receiver winding arrangement, of the at least one sensor.

11. The linear guide as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the planar winding arrangement comprises multiple winding layers.