Carrier, two-component developer, image forming apparatus, process cartridge, and image forming method
A carrier is provided. The carrier includes a magnetic core particle and a resin layer coating a surface of the magnetic core particle. The resin layer includes a resin, a conductive particle including tungsten tin oxide, and a chargeable filler.
1. A carrier, comprising:
a magnetic core particle; and
a resin layer coating a surface of the magnetic core particle, the resin layer including:
a resin;
a conductive particle including tungsten tin oxide and not having a core-shell structure; and
a chargeable filler.
2. The carrier of claim 1 , wherein the conductive particle has an average particle diameter of from 10 nm to 300 nm.
3. The carrier of claim 1 , wherein the chargeable filler has an average particle diameter of from 400 nm to 900 nm.
4. The carrier of claim 1 , wherein the resin includes a cross-linked product obtained by hydrolyzing a copolymer including structural units of formulae (A) and (B) to generate silanol groups, and thereafter condensing:
wherein R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group, R 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, m represents an integer of from 1 to 8, and X represents a molar percent of from 10 to 90; and
wherein R 11 represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group, R 12 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R 13 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, n represents an integer of from 1 to 8, and Y represents a molar percent of from 10 to 90.
5. A two-component developer, comprising:
the carrier of claim 1 ; and
a toner.
6. The two-component developer of claim 5 , wherein the toner includes at least one of a colored toner, a white toner, and a transparent toner.
7. A supplemental developer, comprising:
the carrier of claim 1 ; and
a toner.
8. An image forming apparatus, comprising:
an electrostatic latent image bearer;
a charger configured to charge the electrostatic latent image bearer;
an irradiator configured to irradiate the charged electrostatic latent image bearer with light to form an electrostatic latent image thereon;
a developing device configured to develop the electrostatic latent image formed on the electrostatic latent image bearer with the developer of claim 5 to form a toner image;
a transfer device configured to transfer the toner image from the electrostatic latent image bearer onto a recording medium; and
a fixing device configured to fix the toner image on the recording medium.
9. A process cartridge, comprising:
an electrostatic latent image bearer;
a charger configured to charge the electrostatic latent image bearer;
a developing device configured to develop an electrostatic latent image formed on the electrostatic latent image bearer with the developer of claim 5 to form a toner image; and
a cleaner configured to clean the electrostatic latent image bearer,
wherein the process cartridge is detachably mountable on an image forming apparatus.
10. An image forming method, comprising:
forming an electrostatic latent image on an electrostatic latent image bearer;
developing the electrostatic latent image formed on the electrostatic latent image bearer with the developer of claim 5 to form a toner image;
transferring the toner image from the electrostatic latent image bearer onto a recording medium; and
fixing the toner image on the recording medium.
11. The carrier of claim 1 , wherein the conductive particle is a tin particle doped with tungsten.
12. The carrier of claim 1 , wherein the conductive particle has an average particle diameter of from 25 nm to 60 nm.
13. The carrier of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic core particle has a volume average particle diameter of 20 μm to 100 μm.
14. The carrier of claim 1 , wherein the chargeable filler comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of barium sulfate, hydrotalcite, and aluminum oxide.
15. The carrier of claim 1 , wherein the chargeable filler has an average particle diameter of from 450 nm to 600 nm.
16. The carrier of claim 1 , wherein the conductive particle is included in the resin layer in an amount of from 15% to 80% by mass.
17. The carrier of claim 1 , wherein the chargeable filler is included in the resin layer in an amount of from 35% to 65% by mass.
18. The carrier of claim 4 , wherein the resin further includes at least one of a silicone resin and an acrylic resin.