Variable resistance serial hybrid electric bicycle

1. A vehicle, comprising:

a vehicle frame including a wheel;

an electric motor, connected to the wheel, configured to rotate the wheel and drive the vehicle at a speed;

an electric power source, in communication with the electric motor, configured to supply electric power to the electric motor;

a pedal generator system including a pedal drivetrain to receive user effort and a generator connected to the pedal drivetrain and in electrical communication with the electric power source to convert the user effort into electric power, configured to generate variable resistance against user effort applied to the pedals; and,

a computing system including a control input sensor, attached to the vehicle, configured to

control vehicle speed based on an indication of a control input variable sensed by the control input sensor and

present a variable pedal resistance to the user, wherein the variable pedal resistance is independent of the control input variable.

2. The vehicle of claim 1 , further comprising an engine, coupled to the generator, configured to supply mechanical effort to the generator.

3. The vehicle of claim 2 , wherein the engine and the pedal drivetrain are coupled to the generator in a serial hybrid relationship.

4. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the control input sensor configured to sense an indication of a control input variable includes at least one of a torque sensor configured to sense an indication of user-applied pedal drivetrain torque, a rotational speed sensor configured to sense an indication of user-applied pedal rotational speed, a GPS-based sensor configured to sense an indication of vehicle motion, or an inclination sensor configured to sense an indication of grades and slopes of the path traveled by the vehicle.

5. The vehicle of claim 4 , wherein the control input sensor is the torque sensor, attached to the pedal generator system, configured to sense an indication of torque generated by a user pedaling the vehicle.

6. The vehicle of claim 4 , wherein the control input sensor is the rotational speed sensor, attached to the pedal generator system, configured to sense an indication of the pedal generator rotational speed generated by a user pedaling the vehicle.

7. The vehicle of claim 4 , wherein the control input sensor is the GPS-based sensor, in communication with the computing system, configured to sense an indication of vehicle motion, including at least one of vehicle displacement, velocity, or acceleration.

8. The vehicle of claim 4 , wherein the control input sensor is the inclination sensor, configured to sense an indication of the grades and slopes of the path of the vehicle.

9. The vehicle of claim 1 , further comprising an exercise mode module, running on the computing system, configured to present variable pedal resistance to the user based on a look-up table.

10. The vehicle of claim 1 , further comprising a power management controller, in electrical communication with the electric motor, the electric power source, the pedal generator system, and the computing system, configured to control the flow of electric power between the electric motor, the electric power source, the pedal generator system, and the computing system.

11. The vehicle of claim 10 , further comprising an electronically controlled variable resistance recharging system (ECVRR), in communication with the power management controller, configured to control the flow of electric power from the pedal generator system to the electric power source to present a variable pedal resistance to the user.

12. The vehicle of claim 10 , further comprising a target speed module, running on the computing system that receives an indication of vehicle speed and an indication of the control input variable, configured to maintain a user-selected target speed independent of the indication of the control input variable.

13. The vehicle of claim 10 , further comprising a regenerative braking motor controller, in communication with the power management controller, configured to transfer electric power generated by the electric motor to the electric power source during a vehicle braking event.

14. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the computing system includes a GPS terrain mode module, running on a computing device, configured to present variable pedal resistance to the user at least partially dependent upon the control input variable.

15. The vehicle of claim 14 , wherein the control input sensor to sense a control input variable to generate variable pedal resistance presented to the user at least partially dependent on the control input variable includes at least one of a torque sensor configured to sense an indication of torque, a rotational speed sensor configured to sense an indication of pedal rotational speed, a GPS-based sensor configured to sense an indication of vehicle motion, or an inclination sensor configured to sense an indication of grades and slopes of the path traveled by the vehicle.

16. The vehicle of claim 15 , wherein the control input sensor is a torque sensor and the control input variable is the indication of torque.

17. The vehicle of claim 15 , wherein the control input sensor is a rotational speed sensor and the control input variable is an indication of pedal rotation speed.

18. The vehicle of claim 15 , wherein the control input sensor is a GPS-based sensor and the control input variable is an indication of vehicle motion, including at least one of vehicle displacement, speed, or acceleration.

19. The vehicle of claim 15 , wherein the control input sensor is an inclination sensor and the control input variable is an indication of grades and slopes of the path traveled by the vehicle.

20. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the variable pedal resistance presented to the user independent on at least one of a user heart rate or a caloric burn rate.