Electrophotographic member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
Provided is an electrophotographic member that has a high excessive charging-suppressing effect under a low-temperature and low-humidity environment, and has high charge-providing performance under a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each including the electrophotographic member. The electrophotographic member is an electrophotographic member including an electro-conductive substrate and an electro-conductive resin layer, the electro-conductive resin layer contains a cation and at least one anion selected from the group consisting of anions represented by the following formulae (1) to (5): where X represents an arbitrary halogen atom, n in the structural formula (4) represents an integer of from 2 to 6, and n in the structural formula (5) represents an integer of 2 or 3.
1. An electrophotographic member, comprising:
an electro-conductive substrate; and
an electro-conductive resin layer, the electro-conductive resin layer containing an ion conducting agent consisting of a cation and an anion according to formula (5),
the cation being a binder resin of the electro-conductive resin layer, wherein a cationic group is bound to the binder resin
(CN) n X 3-n CSO 3 − (5)
where X represents a halogen atom and n represents an integer of 2 or 3.
2. A process cartridge, which is removably mounted onto a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus, the process cartridge comprising at least one of a charging member, a developer carrying member, and a developer layer thickness regulating member, wherein
at least one of the charging member, the developer carrying member, and the developer layer thickness regulating member comprises the electrophotographic member of claim 1 .
3. An electrophotographic apparatus, comprising:
an electrophotographic photosensitive member; and
at least one of a charging member, a developer carrying member, and a developer layer thickness regulating member, wherein
at least one of the charging member, the developer carrying member, and the developer layer thickness regulating member comprises the electrophotographic member of claim 1 .
4. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 , wherein the cation is a monovalent cation compound containing a monovalent phosphonium group or a monovalent nitrogen containing heterocyclic group.
5. The electrophotographic member according to claim 4 , wherein the monovalent cationic group is at least one member selected from the group consisting of formulae (6), (7), (10), (11), (12) and (14):
6. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 , wherein the binder resin has a structure derived from a monovalent cationic compound containing a monovalent phosphonium group or a monovalent nitrogen containing heterocyclic group.
7. The electrophotographic member according to claim 6 , wherein the monovalent cationic group is at least one member selected from the group consisting of formulae (6), (7), (10), (11), (12) and (14):
8. An electrophotographic member, comprising:
an electro-conductive substrate; and
an electro-conductive resin layer, wherein
the electro-conductive resin layer contains a resin, a cation and an anion according to formula (5):
(CN) n X 3-n CSO 3 − (5)
where X represents a halogen atom and n represents an integer of 2 or 3.