Systems and methods for acid gas removal from a gaseous stream
Apparatuses, systems, and methods for removing acid gases from a gas stream are provided. Gas streams include waste gas streams or natural gas streams. The methods include obtaining a hypochlorite and a carbonate or bicarbonate in an aqueous mixture, and mixing the aqueous mixture with the gas stream to produce sulfates or nitrates from sulfur-based and nitrogen-based acidic gases. Some embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to produce the carbonate and/or bicarbonate scrubbing reagent from CO 2 in the gas stream. Still others are disclosed.
1. A system for effectively reducing pollutants from a gas stream comprising:
a first set of mixing equipment adapted to admix a hydroxide with the gas stream to create a first admixture in which carbon dioxide in the gas stream can react with a hydroxide to produce a bicarbonate product or a combination of bicarbonate and carbonate products in a first liquid outflow and
a second set of mixing equipment adapted to admix a hypochlorite and the bicarbonate product or the combination of bicarbonate and carbonate products with the gas stream to create a second admixture in which nitrogen-based or sulfur-based acid gases can react with the hypochlorite and the bicarbonate product or the combination of bicarbonate and carbonate products to produce nitrate or sulfate products in a second liquid outflow,
wherein the gas stream flows through the second set of mixing equipment before at least a portion of the gas stream flows through the first set of mixing equipment.
2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a conduit adapted to transfer the liquid outflow to the second set of mixing equipment to create the second admixture.
3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a chlor-alkali cell adapted to electrochemically produce the hydroxide with a protonated brine solution, wherein the chlor-alkali cell is in fluid communication with the first set of mixing equipment.
4. The system of claim 3 , further comprising a third set of mixing equipment adapted to admix hydroxide from the chlor-alkali cell with chlorine gas from the chlor-alkali cell, wherein the chlor-alkali cell is in fluid communication with the third set of mixing equipment and wherein the third set of mixing equipment is in fluid communication with the second set of mixing equipment.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein at least a portion of the hydrochloric acid is in communication with the chlor-alkali cell to protonate a brine solution.
6. The system of claim 3 , further comprising a fourth set of mixing equipment adapted to admix hydroxide from the chlor-alkali cell with the gas stream before at least a portion of the gas stream flows through the first set of mixing equipment.
7. The system of claim 3 , further comprising a burner adapted to combust hydrogen gas and chlorine gas from the chlor-alkali cell to produce hydrochloric acid.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the acid gases are selected from NO x , SO x , SO x and H 2 S.
9. The system of claim 8 , further comprising a fifth set of mixing equipment adapted to convert the sulfate or nitrate products to ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the acid gases are selected from SO x and H 2 S.
11. The system of claim 10 , further comprising a fifth set of mixing equipment adapted to separate the sulfate products from the second liquid outflow and form calcium sulfate in solid form.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the second admixture comprises about 0.5% by weight to about 5% by weight of hypochlorite and about 0.5% by weight to about 5% by weight of bicarbonate.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the molar ratio of hypochlorite to bicarbonate is about 1:1 to about 5:1.
14. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first set of mixing equipment comprises two phases:
a first phase adapted to admix the hydroxide with a portion of the gas stream exiting the second set of mixing equipment to produce carbonate products in a first phase liquid outflow and
a second phase adapted to admix the first phase liquid outflow with another portion of the gas stream exiting the second set of mixing equipment to produce bicarbonate products in the first liquid outflow.
15. The system of claim 1 , wherein the hypochlorite is in the form of sodium hypochlorite and the hydroxide is in the form of sodium hydroxide.