Low profile image combiner for near-eye displays
An image combiner, also referred to as a combiner optic, of a near-eye display system or the like transmits enough light so a user can see remote objects in a “world view”, while also reflecting enough light so the user can simultaneously see a projected image in a “projected” (augmented) view. The disclosed image combiners use two partial reflectors configured to form a wedged reflective cavity. In the display system, light from an imaging device follows a path to the user's eye that includes three reflections in the wedged cavity. By using this capability of the wedged cavity, the combiner optic can have a substantially reduced thickness, and lower profile, than a combiner optic that uses only one partial reflector and only one reflection in the optical path.
1. A near-eye display system to permit simultaneous viewing of remote objects and a projected image, the system comprising:
a combiner optic having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end being suitable for placement near a user's eye; and
an imaging device disposed to direct imaging light towards the proximal end of the combiner optic;
wherein the combiner optic includes first and second partial reflectors that form a wedged reflective cavity, the imaging light following a light path to the user's eye that includes three reflections in the wedged reflective cavity, wherein the first partial reflector is a circular reflective polarizer.
2. A near-eye display system to permit simultaneous viewing of remote objects and a projected image, the system comprising:
a combiner optic having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end being suitable for placement near a user's eye; and
an imaging device disposed to direct imaging light towards the proximal end of the combiner optic;
wherein the combiner optic includes first and second partial reflectors that form a wedged reflective cavity, the imaging light following a light path to the user's eye that includes three reflections in the wedged reflective cavity, wherein the first partial reflector is a linear reflective polarizer, and the combiner optic further includes a retarder layer disposed between the first and second partial reflectors.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the retarder layer has a retardance of substantially λ/4.
4. The system of claim 2 , wherein the three reflections in the reflective cavity include a first reflection at the reflective polarizer and a first and second reflection at the second partial reflector.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the retarder layer has a fast axis and the reflective polarizer has a pass axis, and the fast axis is oriented relative to the pass axis so that the first reflection at the reflective polarizer occurs with little or no transmission of the imaging light through the reflective polarizer.
6. A near-eye display system to permit simultaneous viewing of remote objects and a projected image, the system comprising:
a combiner optic having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end being suitable for placement near a user's eye, and
an imaging device disposed to direct imaging light towards the proximal end of the combiner optic,
wherein the combiner optic includes first and second partial reflectors that form a wedged reflective cavity, the imaging light following a light path to the user's eye that includes three reflections in the wedged reflective cavity, wherein the combiner optic includes distinct first and second lenses, and the first lens attaches to the second lens through the second partial reflector.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the first lens has a first curved surface, and the second lens has a second curved surface shaped to match the first curved surface.
8. A near-eye display system to permit simultaneous viewing of remote objects and a projected image, the system comprising:
a combiner optic having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end being suitable for placement near a user's eye; and
an imaging device disposed to direct imaging light towards the proximal end of the combiner optic;
wherein the combiner optic includes first and second partial reflectors that form a wedged reflective cavity, the imaging light following a light path to the user's eye that includes three reflections in the wedged reflective cavity, wherein the second partial reflector is a notched reflector.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein, over a wavelength range from 400-700 nm, the notched reflector includes at least one distinct reflection band whose full width at half maximum (FWHM) is less than 100 nanometers.
10. A near-eye display system to permit simultaneous viewing of remote objects and a projected image, the system comprising:
a combiner optic having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end being suitable for placement near a user's eye, and
an imaging device disposed to direct imaging light towards the proximal end of the combiner optic,
wherein the combiner optic includes first and second partial reflectors that form a wedged reflective cavity, the imaging light following a light path to the user's eye that includes three reflections in the wedged reflective cavity, wherein the second partial reflector has a reflectivity at normal incidence that is substantially insensitive to polarization state.
11. A near-eye display system to permit simultaneous viewing of remote objects and a projected image, the system comprising:
a combiner optic having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end being suitable for placement near a user's eye; and
an imaging device disposed to direct imaging light towards the proximal end of the combiner optic;
wherein the combiner optic includes first and second partial reflectors that form a wedged reflective cavity, the imaging light following a light path to the user's eye that includes three reflections in the wedged reflective cavity, wherein, over a wavelength range from 400-700 nm, the second partial reflector has no distinct reflection band whose full width at half maximum (FWHM) is less than 100 nanometers.
12. A near-eye display system to permit simultaneous viewing of remote objects and a projected image, the system comprising:
a combiner optic having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end being suitable for placement near a user's eye; and
an imaging device disposed to direct imaging light towards the proximal end of the combiner optic;
wherein the combiner optic includes first and second partial reflectors that form a wedged reflective cavity, the imaging light following a light path to the user's eye that includes three reflections in the wedged reflective cavity, wherein the first partial reflector has an average reflectivity for the imaging light in a range from 25% to 75%.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the first partial reflector is a reflective polarizer.
14. The system of claim 12 , wherein the first partial reflector is disposed at or near the proximal end of the combiner optic, such that the imaging light propagating along the light path encounters the first partial reflector before encountering the second partial reflector.
15. A near-eye display system to permit simultaneous viewing of remote objects and a projected image, the system comprising:
a combiner optic having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end being suitable for placement near a user's eye; and
an imaging device disposed to direct imaging light towards the proximal end of the combiner optic;
wherein the combiner optic includes first and second partial reflectors that form a wedged reflective cavity, the imaging light following a light path to the user's eye that includes three reflections in the wedged reflective cavity, wherein the second partial reflector has an average reflectivity for the imaging light in a range from 25% to 75%.
16. A near-eye display system to permit simultaneous viewing of remote objects and a projected image, the system comprising:
a combiner optic having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end being suitable for placement near a user's eye; and
an imaging device disposed to direct imaging light towards the proximal end of the combiner optic;
wherein the combiner optic includes first and second partial reflectors that form a wedged reflective cavity, the imaging light following a light path to the user's eye that includes three reflections in the wedged reflective cavity, wherein the first partial reflector is a reflective polarizer, and wherein the reflective polarizer defines a pass state and a block state of polarization, and the block state of the reflective polarizer provides a notched reflection spectrum, and the imaging light comprises one or more distinct spectral output peaks corresponding to the notched reflection spectrum.
17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the second partial reflector is a notched reflector having a second notched reflection spectrum corresponding to the notched reflection spectrum of the block state of the reflective polarizer.
18. A combiner optic having a proximal end and a distal end, the combiner optic conprising:
a first lens at or near the proximal end;
a second lens at or near the distal end, and
first and second partial reflectors disposed on opposed ends of the first lens, the first partial reflector being attached to a first surface of the first lens, and the second partial reflector being sandwiched between the first and second lenses;
wherein the first and second partial reflectors have sufficient light transmission to permit viewing of remote objects through the combiner optic, and
wherein the first and second partial reflectors form a wedged reflective cavity, wherein the first partial reflector is a linear reflective polarizer, and wherein the combiner optic further comprises a retarder layer disposed between the first and second partial reflectors.
19. A combiner optic having a proximal end and a distal end, the combiner optic comprising:
a first lens at or near the proximal end;
a second lens at or near the distal end; and
first and second partial reflectors disposed on opposed ends of the first lens, the first partial reflector being attached to a first surface of the first lens, and the second partial reflector being sandwiched between the first and second lenses;
wherein the first and second partial reflectors have sufficient light transmission to permit viewing of remote objects through the combiner optic, and
wherein the first and second partial reflectors form a wedged reflective cavity, wherein reflectivities of the first and second partial reflectors are tailored such that imaging light directed at the proximal end provides a viewable image to an eye disposed near the proximal end via a light path that includes three reflections in the wedged reflective cavity.
20. The combiner optic of claim 19 , wherein the first partial reflector is a reflective polarizer.
21. An optic that redirects light from a source to a detector, the optic comprising a reflective polarizer and a reflector, the reflective polarizer and the reflector forming a wedged reflective cavity, the optic further comprising a retarder layer between the reflective polarizer and the reflector, the retarder layer being oriented relative to the reflective polarizer such that light that enters the wedged reflective cavity through the reflective polarizer exits the wedged reflective cavity through the reflective polarizer after three reflections in the wedged reflective cavity, wherein the reflective polarizer is a notched reflector.
22. An optic that redirects light from a source to a detector, the optic comprising a reflective polarizer and a reflector, the reflective polarizer and the reflector forming a wedged reflective cavity, the optic further comprising a retarder layer between the reflective polarizer and the reflector, the retarder layer being oriented relative to the reflective polarizer such that light that enters the wedged reflective cavity through the reflective polarizer exits the wedged reflective cavity through the reflective polarizer after three reflections in the wedged reflective cavity, wherein the optic has insufficient light transmission to permit optical detection of remote objects through the wedged reflective cavity or through the optic, such that the optic is not a combiner optic.
23. The optic of claim 22 , wherein the reflective polarizer is a broad band polarizer that operates over most or all of a visible wavelength spectrum.
24. The optic of claim 22 , wherein the reflective polarizer has a reflectivity for at least some light in a block state of polarization of over 50%.
25. The optic of claim 22 , wherein the retarder layer has a retardance of substantially λ/4.
26. The optic of claim 22 , wherein the reflector is a partial reflector with sufficient light transmission to permit optical detection of remote objects through the wedged reflective cavity and through the optic, such that the optic is a combiner optic.
27. A system comprising the optic of claim 22 in combination with an imaging device that directs imaging light towards the reflective polarizer of the optic.
28. A system comprising the optic of claim 22 in combination with a detector disposed to receive the light that exits the wedged reflective cavity through the reflective polarizer.