Process for producing 1-chloro-2,2-difluoroethane
The present invention relates to the field of saturated fluorohydrocarbons. The subject matter thereof is more particularly the production of 1-chloro-2,2-difluoroethane from 1,1,2-trichloroethane and/or 1,2-dichloroethylene. A process for producing 1-chloro-2,2-difluoroethane from 1,1,2-trichloroethane and/or 1,2-dichloroethylene including (i) at least one step during which the 1,1,2-trichloroethane and/or the 1,2-dichloroethylene reacts or react with hydrofluoric acid in the gas phase, optionally in the presence of an oxidizing agent, in the presence or in the absence of a fluorination catalyst, to give a stream including 1-chloro-2,2-difluoroethane, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid and at least one C compound(s) chosen from 1-chloro-2-fluoroethylenes (cis and trans), 1,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethane and, optionally, unreacted 1,1,2-trichloroethane and/or 1,2-dichloroethylene.
1. A process for manufacturing 1-chloro-2,2-difluoroethane from 1,1,2-trichloroethane and/or 1,2-dichloroethylene, comprising at least one step during which 1,1,2-trichloroethane and/or 1,2-dichloroethylene react(s) with hydrofluoric acid in the gas phase in the presence of an oxidizing agent, and in the presence or absence of a fluorination catalyst, to give a stream comprising 1-chloro-2,2-difluoroethane, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid and at least one compound C selected from the group consisting of 1-chloro-2-fluoroethylenes (cis and trans), 1,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethane and optionally unreacted 1,1,2-trichloroethane and 1,2-dichloroethylene.
2. A process for manufacturing 1-chloro-2,2-difluoroethane from 1,1,2-trichloroethane, comprising:
(i) at least one step during which 1,1,2-trichloroethane reacts with hydrofluoric acid in the gas phase in the presence of an oxidizing agent, and in the presence or absence of a fluorination catalyst, to give a stream comprising 1-chloro-2,2-difluoroethane, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid and at least one compound C selected from the group consisting of 1,2-dichloroethylenes (cis and trans), 1-chloro-2-fluoroethylenes (cis and trans), 1,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethane and optionally unreacted 1,1,2-trichloroethane;
(ii) at least one step of separating the compounds derived from the reaction step to give a stream A comprising hydrochloric acid and a stream B comprising hydrofluoric acid, 1-chloro-2,2-difluoroethane, at least one compound C and optionally 1,1,2-trifluoroethane;
(iii) at least one step of separating the stream B to give an organic phase comprising 1-chloro-2,2-difluoroethane, at least one compound C and optionally unreacted 1,1,2-trichloroethane and a non-organic phase predominantly comprising HF;
(iv) at least one step of separating the 1-chloro-2,2-difluoroethane from the organic phase obtained in (iii);
(v) optionally, recycling into step (i) of the organic phase after the separation of step (iv); and
(vi) optionally, recycling into step (i) of the non-organic phase derived from step (iii).
3. The process as claimed in claim 2 , wherein, after the step of separating out the 1-chloro-2,2-difluoroethane, the organic phase comprises 1-chloro-2-fluoroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethylenes (cis and trans) and 1,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethane.
4. The process as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the non-organic phase derived from step (iii) is purified such that the HF content is greater than or equal to 90% by weight before recycling into step (i).
5. The process as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the purification comprises at least one distillation, performed at a temperature of between −23 and 46° C. and an absolute pressure of between 0.3 and 3 bar.
6. The process as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the separation step (ii) comprises at least one distillation, performed at a temperature of between −60 and 120° C. and an absolute pressure of between 3 and 20 bar.
7. The process as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the separation step (iii) comprises at least one decantation step, performed at a temperature of between −20 and 60° C.
8. The process as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the separation step (iv) comprises at least one distillation, performed at a temperature of between 35 and 79° C. and an absolute pressure of between 0.3 and 4 bar.
9. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the reaction step is between 150 and 400° C.
10. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the pressure at which the fluorination reaction is performed is between 1 and 20 bar absolute.
11. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the amount of hydrofluoric acid used in the reaction is between 5 and 40 mol per mole of HCC-140 and/or 1,2-dichloroethylene.
12. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting of oxygen and chlorine.
13. The process as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the amount of oxidizing agent used is between 0.01 mol % and 20 mol % per mole of HCC-140 and/or 1,2-dichloroethylene.
14. A composition of the azeotropic or quasi-azeotropic type comprising from 80 mol % to 95 mol % of 1-chloro-2,2-difluoroethane and from 5 mol % to 20 mol % of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene.
15. A composition of the azeotropic or quasi-azeotropic type comprising 1-chloro-2,2-difluoroethane and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, wherein the boiling point is between 32 and 119° C. at a pressure of between 1 and 10 bar abs.
16. The composition as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the boiling point is between 32 and 119° C. at a pressure of between 1 and 10 bar abs.