Tunable acoustic gradient index of refraction lens and system
A tunable acoustic gradient index of refraction (TAG) lens and system are provided that permit, in one aspect, dynamic selection of the lens output, including dynamic focusing and imaging. The system may include a TAG lens and at least one of a source and a detector of electromagnetic radiation. A controller may be provided in electrical communication with the lens and at least one of the source and detector and may be configured to provide a driving signal to control the index of refraction and to provide a synchronizing signal to time at least one of the source and the detector relative to the driving signal. Thus, the controller is able to specify that the source irradiates the lens (or detector detects the lens output) when a desired refractive index distribution is present within the lens, e.g. when a desired lens output is present.
1. A tunable acoustic gradient index of refraction lens, comprising: a casing having a cavity disposed therein for receiving a refractive material capable of changing its refractive index in response to application of an acoustic wave thereto, the casing having an electrical feedthrough port in the casing wall in communication with the cavity; and a piezoelectric element disposed within the casing in acoustic communication with the cavity for delivering an acoustic wave to the cavity to alter the refractive index of the refractive material synchronized with an input or an output of electromagnetic radiation to or from the cavity, wherein the casing has a fluid port in the casing wall in fluid communication with the cavity to permit introduction of a refractive fluid into the cavity.
2. The tunable acoustic gradient index of refraction lens according to claim 1 wherein the casing comprises an outer casing having a chamber disposed therein and an inner casing including a fluid port disposed within the chamber of the outer casing, the cavity disposed within the inner casing, and wherein the piezoelectric element is disposed within the cavity.
3. The tunable acoustic gradient index of refraction lens according to claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric element comprises a cylindrical piezoelectric tube for receiving the refractive material therein.
4. The tunable acoustic gradient index of refraction lens according to claim 3 , comprising a cylindrical spacer gasket surrounding the piezoelectric element to center and cushion the piezoelectric element within the casing.
5. The tunable acoustic gradient index of refraction lens according to claim 3 , wherein the piezoelectric tube includes an inner cylindrical surface and an outer cylindrical surface and an inner electrode disposed on the inner cylindrical surface, and wherein the inner electrode is wrapped from the inner cylindrical surface to the outer cylindrical surface to provide an annular electric contact region for the inner electrode on the outer cylindrical surface.
6. The tunable acoustic gradient index of refraction lens according to claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric element comprises a first and a second planar piezoelectric element.
7. The tunable acoustic gradient index of refraction lens according to claim 6 , wherein the first and second planar piezoelectric elements are disposed orthogonal to each other in an orientation for providing the cavity with a rectangular cross-sectional shape.
8. The tunable acoustic gradient index of refraction lens according to claim 1 , wherein the casing comprises an optically transparent window disposed at each opposing end of the casing and wherein at least one of the windows includes a curved surface.
9. The tunable acoustic gradient index of refraction lens according to claim 8 , wherein at least one of the optically transparent windows has optical power.
10. The tunable acoustic gradient index of refraction lens according to claim 1 , wherein the casing comprises an optically transparent window disposed at each end of the casing and wherein at least one of the windows operates as a filter or diffracting element.
11. The tunable acoustic gradient index of refraction lens according to claim 1 , wherein the casing comprises an optically transparent window disposed at each end of the casing and wherein at least one of the windows is partially mirrored.
12. The tunable acoustic gradient index of refraction lens according to claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric element is segmented along the longitudinal axis into different zones to permit separate electrical signals to be delivered to and drive each zone.
13. A tunable acoustic gradient index of refraction lens, comprising: a casing having a cavity disposed therein for receiving a refractive material capable of changing its refractive index in response to application of an acoustic wave thereto, the casing having an electrical feedthrough port in the casing wall in communication with the cavity; and a piezoelectric element disposed within the casing in acoustic communication with the cavity for delivering an acoustic wave to the cavity to alter the refractive index of the refractive material responsively to an input or an output of electromagnetic radiation to or from the cavity, wherein the tunable acoustic gradient index of refraction lens further comprises a spacer gasket surrounding the piezoelectric element to center and cushion the piezoelectric element within the casing.
14. A tunable acoustic gradient index of refraction lens, comprising: a casing having a cavity disposed therein for receiving a refractive material capable of changing its refractive index in response to application of an acoustic wave thereto, the casing having an electrical feedthrough port in the casing wall in communication with the cavity; and a piezoelectric element disposed within the casing in acoustic communication with the cavity for delivering an acoustic wave to the cavity to alter the refractive index of the refractive material responsively to an input or an output of electromagnetic radiation to or from the cavity, wherein the casing has two opposing ends and a sidewall dispose therebetween, and wherein the lens comprises a spacer gasket disposed between the piezoelectric element and the sidewall.