Wireless power transmitter, wireless power relay apparatus, and wireless power receiver
A wireless power transmitter includes a source resonator configured to wirelessly transmit power via magnetic coupling with a target resonator; and an impedance adjusting unit configured to adjust an impedance of the source resonator using a plurality of impedance-matching bars located in the source resonator.
1. A wireless power transmitter comprising:
a source resonator configured to wirelessly transmit power via magnetic coupling with a target resonator;
a controller configured to determine a number of a plurality of switches to be turned on or off based on either one or both of a power transmission efficiency and a reflection coefficient; and
an impedance adjusting unit, comprising first and a second impedance-matching bars, configured to adjust an impedance of the source resonator using the determined number of the plurality of the switches and the first and the second impedance-matching bars,
wherein:
each of the first impedance-matching bars is located symmetrically to a respective one of the second impedance-matching bars with respect to a respective one of the switches,
each of the first impedance-matching bars and the respective one of the second impedance-matching bars correspond to the respective one of the switches, and
each of the first impedance-matching bars and the respective one of the second impedance-matching bars are electrically connected in response to the respective one of the switches being turned on.
2. The wireless power transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the impedance adjusting unit comprises at least one switch, of the plurality of switches, configured to electrically connect together at least two impedance-matching bars among the plurality of impedance-matching bars.
3. The wireless power transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to:
transmit test power via the source resonator; and
calculate either one or both of the power transmission efficiency and the reflection coefficient based on power received via the target resonator.
4. The wireless power transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the source resonator comprises:
a first transmission line comprising:
a first signal conducting portion;
a second signal conducting portion; and
a first ground conducting portion corresponding to the first signal conducting portion and the second signal conducting portion;
a first conductor electrically connecting the first signal conducting portion to the first ground conducting portion;
a second conductor electrically connecting the second signal conducting portion to the first ground conducting portion; and
a capacitor connected in series between the first signal conducting portion and the second signal conducting portion with respect to a current flowing through the first signal conducting portion and the second signal conducting portion.
5. The wireless power transmitter of claim 4 , wherein the impedance adjusting unit comprises:
a third conductor electrically connected to the first ground conducting portion;
a plurality of fourth conductors electrically connected to the third conductor;
a plurality of fifth conductors electrically connectable to and disconnectable from the plurality of fourth conductors via the plurality of switches; and
a sixth conductor electrically connected to the plurality of fifth conductors; and
the plurality of fourth conductors comprises the first impedance-matching bars and the plurality of fifth conductors comprises the second impedance-matching bars.
6. The wireless power transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the source resonator comprises:
a first transmission line comprising:
a first signal conducting portion;
a second signal conducting portion; and
a first ground conducting portion corresponding to the first signal conducting portion and the second signal conducting portion;
a first conductor electrically connecting the first signal conducting portion to the first ground conducting portion;
a second conductor electrically isolated from the first ground conducting portion and electrically connected to the second signal conducting portion; and
a capacitor connected in series between the first signal conducting portion and the second signal conducting portion with respect to a current flowing through the first signal conducting portion and the second signal conducting portion;
wherein the impedance adjusting unit comprises:
a plurality of third conductors electrically connected to the first conductor;
a plurality of fourth conductors electrically connected to the second conductor; and
the plurality of switches configured to electrically connect the plurality of third conductors to the plurality of fourth conductors; and
wherein the plurality of third conductors comprises the first impedance-matching bars and the plurality of fourth conductors comprises the second impedance-matching bars.
7. The wireless power transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the source resonator comprises:
a first transmission line comprising:
a first signal conducting portion;
a second signal conducting portion; and
a first ground conducting portion corresponding to the first signal conducting portion and the second signal conducting portion;
a first conductor electrically connecting the first signal conducting portion to the first ground conducting portion;
a second conductor electrically connected to the first signal conducting portion;
a third conductor electrically isolated from the second conductor and electrically connected to the first ground conducting portion; and
a capacitor connected in series between the first signal conducting portion and the second signal conducting portion with respect to a current flowing through the first signal conducting portion and the second signal conducting portion;
wherein the impedance adjusting unit comprises:
a plurality of fourth conductors electrically connected to the first conductor;
a plurality of fifth conductors electrically connected to the second conductor;
a plurality of sixth conductors electrically connected to the third conductor;
a first plurality of the plurality of switches configured to electrically connect some of the plurality of fourth conductors to the plurality of fifth conductors; and
a second plurality of the plurality of switches configured to electrically connect remaining ones of the plurality of fourth conductors to the plurality of sixth conductors; and
wherein the plurality of fourth conductors comprises the first impedance-matching bars, and the plurality of fifth conductors; and the plurality of sixth conductors comprise the second impedance-matching bars.
8. The wireless power transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the source resonator comprises:
a first transmission line comprising:
a first signal conducting portion;
a second signal conducting portion; and
a first ground conducting portion corresponding to the first signal conducting portion and the second signal conducting portion;
a first conductor electrically connecting the first signal conducting portion to the first ground conducting portion;
a second conductor electrically isolated from the first ground conducting portion and electrically connected to the second signal conducting portion; and
a capacitor connected in series between the first signal conducting portion and the second signal conducting portion with respect to a current flowing through the first signal conducting portion and the second signal conducting portion;
wherein the impedance adjusting unit comprises:
a plurality of third conductors each having a shape of a linear bar;
a fourth conductor electrically connected to the plurality of third conductors;
a first plurality of the plurality of switches configured to electrically connect the plurality of third conductors to the first conductor; and
a second plurality of the plurality of switches configured to electrically connect the plurality of third conductors to the second conductor; and
wherein the plurality of third conductors comprises the first and second impedance-matching bars.
9. The wireless power transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the impedance adjusting unit is further configured to adjust the impedance of the source resonator by selecting a size of a driving coil located in the source resonator using the plurality of switches.
10. The wireless power transmitter of claim 9 , wherein the impedance adjusting unit comprises:
a plurality of first conductors each having a semicircular shape;
a plurality of second conductors each having a semicircular shape;
a third conductor electrically connecting together a first end of each of the plurality of first conductors and a first end of each of the plurality of second conductors; and
the plurality of switches configured to electrically connect a second end of each of the plurality of first conductors to a second end of a respective one of the plurality of second conductors; and
wherein the plurality of first conductors comprises the first impedance-matching bars and the plurality of second conductors comprises the second impedance-matching bars.
11. The wireless power transmitter of claim 9 , wherein the impedance adjusting unit is further configured to select the size of the driving coil using the plurality of switches to connect together at least two of the plurality of impedance-matching bars to form a driving coil having a desired size.
12. A wireless power relay apparatus comprising:
a relay resonator configured to perform either one or both of wireless power reception from at least one source resonator and wireless power transmission to at least one target resonator;
a controller configured to determine a number of a plurality of switches to be turned on or off based on either one or both of a power transmission efficiency and a reflection coefficient; and
an impedance adjusting unit, comprising first and second impedance-matching bars, configured to adjust an impedance of the relay resonator using the determined number of the plurality of the switches and the first and the second impedance-matching bars,
wherein:
each of the first impedance-matching bars is located symmetrically to a respective one of the second impedance-matching bars with respect to a respective one of the switches,
each of the first impedance-matching bars and the respective one of the second impedance-matching bars correspond to the respective one of the switches, and
each of the first impedance-matching bars and the respective one of the second impedance-matching bars are electrically connected in response to the respective one of the switches being turned on.
13. The wireless power relay apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the impedance adjusting unit comprises at least one switch, of the plurality of switches, configured to electrically connect together at least two impedance-matching bars among the plurality of impedance-matching bars.
14. The wireless power relay apparatus of claim 12 , wherein
the relay resonator comprises:
a first transmission line comprising:
a first signal conducting portion;
a second signal conducting portion; and
a first ground conducting portion corresponding to the first signal conducting portion and the second signal conducting portion;
a first conductor electrically connecting the first signal conducting portion to the first ground conducting portion;
a second conductor electrically connecting the second signal conducting portion to the first ground conducting portion; and
a capacitor connected in series between the first signal conducting portion and the second signal conducting portion with respect to a current flowing through the first signal conducting portion and the second signal conducting portion;
wherein the impedance adjusting unit comprises:
a third conductor electrically connected to the first ground conducting portion;
a plurality of fourth conductors electrically connected to the third conductor;
a plurality of fifth conductors electrically connectable to or disconnectable from the plurality of fourth conductors via the plurality of switches; and
a sixth conductor electrically connected to the plurality of fifth conductors; and
wherein the plurality of fourth conductors comprises the first impedance-matching bars and the plurality of fifth conductors comprises the second impedance-matching bars.
15. The wireless power relay apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the relay resonator is further configured to receive wireless power from a plurality of source resonators, and transmit the received wireless power to a plurality of target resonators.
16. A wireless power receiver comprising:
a target resonator configured to wirelessly receive power via magnetic coupling with a source resonator;
a controller configured to determine a number of a plurality of switches to be turned on or off based on either one or both of a power transmission efficiency and a reflection coefficient; and
an impedance adjusting unit, comprising first and second impedance-matching bars, configured to adjust an impedance of the target resonator using the determined number of the plurality of switches and the first and second impedance-matching bars,
wherein, for each of the first impedance matching bars in the target resonator,
the first impedance-matching bar is located symmetrically to a respective one of the second impedance-matching bars with respect to a respective one of the switches,
the first impedance-matching bar and the respective one of the second impedance-matching bars correspond to the respective one of the switches, and
the first impedance-matching bar and the respective one of the second impedance-matching bars are electrically connected in response to the respective one of the switches being turned on.
17. The wireless power receiver of claim 16 , wherein the impedance adjusting unit comprises at least one switch, of the plurality of switches, configured to electrically connect together at least two impedance-matching bars among the plurality of impedance-matching bars.
18. The wireless power receiver of claim 16 , wherein the target resonator comprises:
a first transmission line comprising:
a first signal conducting portion;
a second signal conducting portion; and
a first ground conducting portion corresponding to the first signal conducting portion and the second signal conducting portion;
a first conductor electrically connecting the first signal conducting portion to the first ground conducting portion;
a second conductor electrically connecting the second signal conducting portion to the first ground conducting portion; and
a capacitor connected in series between the first signal conducting portion and the second signal conducting portion with respect to a current flowing through the first signal conducting portion and the second signal conducting portion;
wherein the impedance adjusting unit comprises:
a third conductor electrically connected to the first ground conducting portion;
a plurality of fourth conductors electrically connected to the third conductor;
a plurality of fifth conductors electrically connectable to or disconnectable from the plurality of fourth conductors via the plurality of switches; and
a sixth conductor electrically connected to the plurality of fifth conductors; and
wherein the plurality of fourth conductors comprises the first impedance-matching bars and the plurality of fifth conductors comprises the second impedance-matching bars.
19. The wireless power receiver of claim 16 , wherein the target resonator comprises:
a first transmission line comprising:
a first signal conducting portion;
a second signal conducting portion; and
a first ground conducting portion corresponding to the first signal conducting portion and the second signal conducting portion;
a first conductor electrically connecting the first signal conducting portion to the first ground conducting portion;
a second conductor electrically isolated from the first ground conducting portion and electrically connected to the second signal conducting portion; and
a capacitor connected in series between the first signal conducting portion and the second signal conducting portion with respect to a current flowing through the first signal conducting portion and the second signal conducting portion;
wherein the impedance adjusting unit comprises:
a plurality of third conductors electrically connected to the first conductor;
a plurality of fourth conductors electrically connected to the second conductor; and
the plurality of switches configured to electrically connect the plurality of third conductors to the plurality of fourth conductors; and
wherein the plurality of third conductors comprises the first impedance-matching bars and the plurality of fourth conductors comprises the second impedance-matching bars.