Light-emitting element, light-emitting device, electronic device, and lighting device
A light-emitting element is provided. The light-emitting element includes first and second electrodes and an EL layer therebetween. The EL layer includes a light-emitting layer containing first and second substances. The amount of the first substance is larger than that of the second substance. The second substance emits light. Average transition dipole moments of the second substance are divided into three components in x-, y-, and z-directions which are orthogonal to each other. Components parallel to the first or second electrode are assumed to be the components in the x- and y-directions, and a component perpendicular to the first or second electrode is assumed to be the component in the z-direction. The proportion of the component in the z-direction is represented by a, which is less than or equal to 0.2.
1. A light-emitting element comprising:
a first electrode;
an EL layer over the first electrode, the EL layer comprising:
a light-emitting layer comprising a first substance and a second substance; and
a second electrode over the EL layer,
wherein an amount of the first substance is larger than an amount of the second substance in the light-emitting layer,
wherein the second substance is capable to emit light,
wherein light emission from average transition dipoles of the second substance in the light-emitting layer comprises:
light emission from an x-component of the average transition dipoles in an x-direction, the x-component being a component of light emission parallel to the first electrode;
light emission from a y-component of the average transition dipoles in a y-direction, the y-component being a component of light emission parallel to the first electrode; and
light emission from a z-component of the average transition dipoles in a z-direction, the z-component being a component of light emission perpendicular to the first electrode,
wherein a sum of a ratio of the light emission from the x-component to the whole light emission, a ratio of the light emission from the y-component to the whole light emission, and a ratio of the light emission from the z-component to the whole light emission, is 1,
wherein the x-direction, the y-direction and the z-direction are orthogonal to each other,
wherein a proportion of the z-component in the z-direction is a, and
wherein a is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.2.
2. The light-emitting element according to claim 1 , wherein the light-emitting layer is deposited by a vacuum evaporation method under an atmosphere which has a higher volume ratio of a partial pressure of carbon dioxide to the total pressure than the air.
3. The light-emitting element according to claim 1 ,
wherein the light-emitting layer is deposited by a vacuum evaporation method under an atmosphere which has a first percentage of a partial pressure of carbon dioxide with respect to the total pressure, and
wherein the first percentage is higher than or equal to 0.1% and lower than or equal to 10%.
4. The light-emitting element according to claim 1 , wherein the second substance is a phosphorescent substance.
5. The light-emitting element according to claim 1 , wherein the second substance is an iridium complex.
6. The light-emitting element according to claim 1 , wherein an external quantum efficiency of the light-emitting element is higher than or equal to 25%.
7. The light-emitting element according to claim 1 ,
wherein the light-emitting layer further comprises a third substance, and
wherein the first substance and the third substance are capable of forming an exciplex.
8. The light-emitting element according to claim 1 , wherein the second substance is a fluorescent substance.
9. The light-emitting element according to claim 1 , wherein the second substance has a condensed aromatic hydrocarbon skeleton.
10. The light-emitting element according to claim 6 , wherein an external quantum efficiency of the light-emitting element is higher than or equal to 9%.
11. The light-emitting element according to claim 6 , wherein an external quantum efficiency of the light-emitting element is higher than or equal to 10%.
12. The light-emitting element according to claim 6 , wherein light emission from the light-emitting element comprises a delayed fluorescent component.
13. A light-emitting device comprising:
the light-emitting element according to claim 1 ; and
at least one of a transistor and a substrate.
14. An electronic device comprising:
the light-emitting device according to claim 13 ; and
at least one of a sensor, an operation button, a speaker and a microphone.
15. A lighting device comprising:
the light-emitting device according to claim 13 ; and
a housing.
16. A light-emitting element comprising:
a first electrode;
an EL layer over the first electrode, the EL layer comprising:
a light-emitting layer comprising a first substance and a second substance; and
a second electrode over the EL layer,
wherein an amount of the first substance is larger than an amount of the second substance in the light-emitting layer,
wherein the second substance is a light-emitting material,
wherein light emission from average transition dipoles of the second substance in the light-emitting layer comprises:
light emission from an x-component from the average transition dipoles in an x-direction, the x-component being a component of light emission parallel to the first electrode;
light emission from a y-component of the average transition dipoles in a y-direction, the y-component being a component of light emission parallel to the first electrode; and
light emission from a z-component of the average transition dipoles in a z-direction, the z-component being a component of light emission perpendicular to the first electrode,
wherein a sum of a ratio of the light emission from the x-component to the whole light emission, a ratio of the light emission from the y-component to the whole light emission, a ratio of the z-component to the whole light emission, is 1,
wherein the x-direction, the y-direction and the z-direction are orthogonal to each other,
wherein a proportion of the z-component is a, and
wherein a is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.15.
17. The light-emitting element according to claim 16 ,
wherein the light-emitting layer is deposited by a vacuum evaporation method under an atmosphere which has a first percentage of a partial pressure of carbon dioxide with respect to the total pressure, and
wherein the first percentage is higher than or equal to 0.1% and lower than or equal to 10%.
18. The light-emitting element according to claim 16 , wherein an external quantum efficiency of the light-emitting element is higher than or equal to 25%.
19. The light-emitting element according to claim 16 ,
wherein the second substance is a phosphorescent substance, and
wherein an external quantum efficiency of the light-emitting element is higher than or equal to 10%.
20. An electronic device comprising the light-emitting element according to claim 16 ,
wherein the electronic device is one of a television device, a monitor, a camera such as a digital camera, a digital video camera, a digital photo frame, a mobile phone, a portable game console, a portable information terminal, an audio reproducing device and a game machine.