Spinal injection trainer and methods therefor
A model for anatomical training includes a clear thermoplastic elastomer matrix formed with at least one contoured surface that simulates at least a portion of a human body. The visibly clear thermoplastic elastomer matrix provides visible needle tracks upon needle penetration that may be fused closed upon heating the thermoplastic elastomer matrix. The model includes at least a portion of a vertebral column with a synthetic spinal sheath passing through a portion of the vertebral column, the synthetic spinal sheath providing tactile feedback upon needle penetration that simulates the tactile feedback of a needle penetrating a natural human spinal sheath.
1. A model for anatomic training and injection practice, comprising:
a visibly transparent, thermally fusible synthetic gel matrix formed with at least one contoured surface, the contoured surface simulating a partial human torso;
a skeletal structure including at least a portion of a vertebral column embedded within the synthetic gel matrix at the same location as the corresponding skeletal structure is located in a human, at least a portion of the skeletal structure being radiopaque for producing a fluoroscopic image with an image contrast representative of human bone;
a synthetic spinal sheath passing through at least a portion of the vertebral column, the synthetic spinal sheath providing tactile feedback upon needle penetration that simulates the tactile feedback of a needle penetrating a natural human spinal sheath; and
the synthetic gel matrix retaining visible tracks resulting from needle penetration and extraction of a needle along the path of the needle after insertion at a point on the contoured surface to a target below the contoured surface, at least a portion of the needle tracks extending along the path remaining visible until the needle tracks are fused closed with a heat source such that the needle tracks are no longer visible in the synthetic gel matrix.
2. The model of claim 1 wherein the synthetic spinal sheath is formed from elastic flexible tubing with a resistance to needle penetration sufficient to simulate needle penetration of a human myelin spinal sheath.
3. The model of claim 1 wherein the synthetic spinal sheath is formed from flexible elastic latex tubing.
4. The model of claim 3 wherein the flexible elastic latex tubing has a wall thickness of ⅜ inch.
5. The model of claim 3 wherein the flexible elastic latex tubing has an inside diameter of ⅜ inch, an outside diameter of ⅝ inch and a wall thickness of ⅜ inch.
6. The model of claim 1 further comprising at least one synthetic simulated soft tissue structure embedded in the synthetic gel matrix, the synthetic simulated soft tissue structure embedded in the synthetic gel matrix at a position corresponding to the same location, relative to the contoured surface, as the corresponding soft tissue structure is located in a human torso.
7. The model of claim 6 wherein the synthetic simulated soft tissue structure comprises at least one synthetic intervertebral disc that simulates the density of a human vertebral disc.
8. The model of claim 1 further comprising surgical hardware installed on the embedded skeletal structure.
9. The model of claim 1 further comprising at least one heat source embedded in the synthetic gel matrix adjacent the embedded skeletal structure.
10. The model of claim 1 further wherein the at least a portion of the skeletal structure producing a fluoroscopic image with an image contrast representative of human bone is comprised of human bone from a cadaver.
11. A method of making a model for anatomic training and injection practice, comprising:
assembling a skeletal structure with at least a portion of a vertebral column including a synthetic spinal sheath passing through the at least a portion of the vertebral column, the synthetic spinal sheath providing tactile feedback upon needle penetration that simulates the tactile feedback of a needle penetrating a natural human spinal sheath, at least a portion of the vertebral column being radiopaque for producing a fluoroscopic image representative of the structure of human bone;
positioning the skeletal structure in a mold having a contoured portion simulating a partial torso; and
embedding the skeletal structure in a visibly transparent, thermally fusible, synthetic ballistic gel matrix, wherein, upon curing, the skeletal structure is positioned, relative to the contoured surface, at the same location as the corresponding skeletal structure is located in a human torso, and wherein at least a portion of visible needle tracks formed through the synthetic gel matrix along the path of a needle upon insertion at a point on the contoured surface to a target below the contoured surface remain visible until the needle tracks are fused closed with a heat source such that the needle tracks are no longer visible in the synthetic gel matrix.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the synthetic spinal sheath is formed from elastic flexible tubing with a resistance to needle penetration sufficient to simulate needle penetration of a human myelin spinal sheath.
13. The method of claim 11 wherein the synthetic spinal sheath is formed from flexible elastic latex tubing.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the flexible elastic latex tubing has a wall thickness of ⅜ inch.
15. The method of claim 13 wherein the flexible elastic latex tubing has an inside diameter of ⅜ inch, an outside diameter of ⅝ inch and a wall thickness of ⅜ inch.
16. The method of claim 11 further comprising positioning at least one synthetic intervertebral disc in the vertebral column within the form.
17. The method of claim 11 further comprising positioning a flexible bladder within the skeletal structure at a location corresponding to the thoracic cavity before embedding the skeletal structure in a visibly clear, thermally fusible, synthetic ballistic gel matrix.
18. The method of claim 17 further comprising removing the bladder after the visibly clear, thermally fusible, synthetic ballistic gel matrix has solidified.