Apparatus and method for mitigation of alterations in mass spectrometry in the presence of hydrogen
Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer comprising an ion source, the walls of which are realized or covered with at least one layer of graphene. Thus realized, the gas chromato graph-mass spectrometer proves to be particularly suited to the analysis samples containing hydrogen in addition to the substances to be analyzed. This situation generally occurs when the mass spectrometer is coupled to a gas chromatograph that utilizes hydrogen as the carrier gas.
1. A gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer, characterized in that the ion source of the mass spectrometer comprises an ionization chamber, wherein the internal surface of at least one wall of said ionization chamber has the chemical structure of at least one layer of graphene.
2. The gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer according to claim 1 , wherein the ion source is selected from among an electron ionization (EI) ion source or a chemical ionization (CI) ion source.
3. The gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer according to claim 1 , wherein the internal surface of all the walls of the ionization chamber has the chemical structure of at least one layer of graphene.
4. The gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer according to claim 1 , wherein the internal surface of at least one wall of the ionization chamber has at least one layer of graphene deposited or grown on said surface.
5. The gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer according to claim 1 , wherein the internal surface of at least one wall of the ionization chamber has the structure of graphite.
6. The gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer according to claim 5 , wherein the graphite is selected from among crystalline flake graphite, microcrystalline graphite, expanded graphite, pyrolytic graphite and synthetic graphite.
7. The gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer according to claim 5 , wherein at least one wall of the ionization chamber is entirely made up of graphite.
8. The gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer according to claim 5 , wherein at least one wall of said ionization chamber has a multilayer structure comprising at least one external metallic layer and an internal layer of graphite.
9. The gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer according to claim 1 , wherein the internal surface of at least one wall of the ionization chamber is covered with an insert, the internal surface of which has the chemical structure of at least one layer of graphene.
10. The gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer according to claim 9 , wherein said insert is entirely made up of graphite.
11. The gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer according to claim 9 , wherein said insert comprises an internal layer entirely made up of graphite and at least one external support coupled to said internal layer.
12. The gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer according to claim 9 , wherein the internal surface of said insert has at least one layer of graphene deposited or grown on said surface.
13. The gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer according to claim 10 , wherein the thickness of the wall of the insert is ≤2.5 mm.
14. The gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer according to claim 9 , wherein said insert is formed by a number of pieces.
15. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method comprising the use of a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer according to claim 1 .
16. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method according to claim 15 , comprising:
providing a first sample comprising a plurality of analytes;
providing a separation column comprising at least one stationary phase capable of selectively adsorbing at least one analyte;
introducing the first sample at one end of the separation column and enabling the sample to flow through the column, separating said plurality of analytes based on their affinity for said stationary phase, utilizing hydrogen as the carrier gas, thereby obtaining at least a second gaseous sample;
ionizing said second gaseous sample in the ion source of the mass spectrometer comprising an ionization chamber in which the internal surface of at least one wall of said ionization chamber has the chemical structure of at least one layer of graphene, thereby producing ions;
analyzing the ions produced based on the mass thereof.
17. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method according to claim 15 , wherein the first gaseous sample comprises hydrogen and a plurality of analytes, wherein at least one of said analytes is selected from among hydrocarbons ranging from Cl to C50 and having at least one functional group that is reactive to hydrogen.
18. A mass spectrometry method comprising:
providing a gaseous sample comprising hydrogen and at least one analyte;
ionizing said gaseous sample in the ion source of the mass spectrometer of claim 1 comprising an ionization chamber in which the internal surface of at least one wall of said ionization chamber has the chemical structure of at least one layer of graphene, thereby producing ions;
analyzing the ions produced based on the mass thereof.
19. The gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer according to claim 8 , wherein the at least one external metallic layer is made of stainless steel.
20. The gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer according to claim 13 , wherein the thickness of the wall of the insert is in the range of from 0.4 mm to 1.5 mm.