Triple conducting cathode material for intermediate temperature protonic ceramic electrochemical devices
The present invention relates to a protonic ceramic fuel cell, a cathode for a protonic ceramic fuel cell, and a method of making the same. More specifically, the cathode for a protonic ceramic fuel cell utilizes a phase-pure perovskite structure of the compound BaCo 0.4 Fe 0.4 Zr 0.2-x Y x O 3-δ , where x is between about 0 and about 0.2. The cathode material may then be utilized in a PCFC as either a thin film porous cathode or as nanoparticles infiltrated into a cathode bone having a different structure.
1. A cathode for use in a protonic ceramic fuel cell, comprising BaCo 0.4 Fe 0.4 Zr 0.2-x Y x O 3-δ , wherein x is greater than 0 and less than 0.2, and wherein δ is between about 0 and about 0.3.
2. The cathode of claim 1 , further comprising a phase-pure perovskite structure.
3. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein the cathode is a porous film cathode.
4. The cathode of claim 1 , further comprising a cathode bone with a formula of BaCe 0.6 Zr 0.3 Y 0.1 O 3-δ .
5. The cathode of claim 4 , wherein the BaCo 0.4 Fe 0.4 Zr 0.1 Y 0.1 O 3-6 is a plurality of nanoparticles and wherein the plurality of nanoparticles is deposited on at least one wall of the cathode bone.
6. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the cathode is between about 5 and about 70 microns.
7. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein the cathode is BaCo 0.4 Fe 0.4 Zr 0.1 Y 0.1 O 3-δ .
8. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein x is greater than 0 and less than 0.15.
9. A protonic ceramic fuel cell, comprising:
a cathode comprising BaCo 0.4 Fe 0.4 Zr 0.2-x Y x O 3-δ , wherein x is greater than 0 and less than 0.2, and wherein δ is between about 0 and about 0.3;
an electrolyte; and
an anode.
10. The protonic ceramic fuel cell of claim 9 , wherein the electrolyte is comprised of at least one of a BaCe 0.7 Zr 0.1 Y 0.1 Yb 0.1 O 3-δ -1.0 wt % NiO, a BaCe 0.7 Zr 0.1 Y 0.1 Yb 0.1 O 3-δ -1.0 wt % CoO, a BaCe 0.7 Zr 0.1 Y 0.1 Yb 0.1 O 3-δ -1.0 wt % CuO, a BaCe 0.7 Zr 0.1 Y 0.1 Yb 0.1 O 3-δ -1.0 wt % ZnO, a BaZr 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3-δ -1.0 wt % NiO, a BaZr 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3-δ -1.4 wt % CuO, a BaZr 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3-δ -1.0 wt % CoO, a BaZr 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3-δ -1.0 wt % ZnO, a BaCe 0.6 Zr 0.3 Y 0.1 O 3-δ -1.3 wt % CuO, a BaCe 0.6 Zr 0.3 Y 0.1 O 3-δ -1.0 wt % NiO, a BaCe 0.6 Zr 0.3 Y 0.1 O 3-δ -1.0 wt % CoO, a BaCe 0.6 Zr 0.3 Y 0.1 O 3-δ -1.0 wt % ZnO, a BaCe 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3-δ -1.0 wt % CoO, a BaCe 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3-δ -1.0 wt % NiO, BaCe 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3-δ -1.0 wt % ZnO, and a BaCe 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3-δ -1.0 wt % CuO.
11. The protonic ceramic fuel cell of claim 9 , wherein the anode is comprised of at least one of a BaCe 0.7 Zr 0.1 Y 0.1 Yb 0.1 O 3-δ —Ni, a BaCe 0.6 Zr 0.3 Y 0.1 O 3-δ —Ni, a BaZr 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3-δ —Ni, and a BaCe 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3-δ —Ni.
12. The protonic fuel cell of claim 9 , wherein the cathode s a porous film cathode.
13. The protonic ceramic fuel cell of claim 9 , wherein the cathode further comprises a cathode bone with a formula of BaCe 0.6 Zr 0.3 Y 0.1 O 3-δ .
14. The protonic ceramic fuel cell of claim 13 , wherein the BaCo 0.4 Fe 0.4 Zr 0.1 Y 0.1 O 3-δ is a plurality of nanoparticles and wherein the plurality of nanoparticles is deposited on at least one wall of the cathode bone.
15. The protonic ceramic fuel cell of claim 9 , wherein the cathode further comprises a phase-pure perovskite structure.
16. The protonic ceramic fuel cell of claim 9 , wherein the cathode is BaCo 0.4 Fe 0.4 Zr 0.1 Y 0.1 O 3-δ .
17. The protonic ceramic fuel cell of claim 9 , wherein a thickness of the cathode is between about 5 and about 70 microns.
18. The protonic ceramic fuel cell of claim 9 , wherein the anode comprises at least one of a BaCe 0.7 Zr 0.1 Y 0.1 Yb 0.1 O 3-δ —Ni, a BaCe 0.6 Zr 0.3 Y 0.1 O 3-δ —Ni, BaZr 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3-δ —Ni, and a BaZr 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3-δ —Ni and the electrolyte comprises at least one a BaCe 0.7 Zr 0.1 Y 0.1 Yb 0.1 O 3-δ -1.0 wt % NiO, a BaCe 0.7 Zr 0.1 Y 0.1 Yb 0.1 O 3-δ -1.0 wt % CoO, a BaCe 0.7 Zr 0.1 Y 0.1 Yb 0.1 O 3-δ -1.0 wt % CuO, a BaCe 0.7 Zr 0.1 Y 0.1 Yb 0.1 O 3-δ -1.0 wt % ZnO, a BaZr 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3-δ -1.0 wt % NiO, a BaZr 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3-δ -1.4 wt % CuO, a BaZr 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3-δ -1.0 wt % CoO, a BaZr 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3-δ -1.0 wt % ZnO, a BaCe 0.6 Zr 0.3 Y 0.1 O 3-δ -1.3 wt % CuO, a BaCe 0.6 Zr 0.3 Y 0.1 O 3-δ -1.0 wt % NiO, a BaCe 0.6 Zr 0.3 Y 0.1 O 3-δ -1.0 wt % CoO, a BaCe 0.6 Zr 0.3 Y 0.1 O 3-δ -1.0 wt % ZnO, a BaCe 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3-δ -1.0 wt % CoO, a BaCe 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3-δ -1.0 wt % NiO, BaCe 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3-δ -1.0 wt % ZnO, and a BaCe 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3-δ -1.0 wt % CuO.
19. The cathode of claim 9 , wherein x is greater than 0 and less than 0.15.
20. The cathode of claim 9 wherein x is 0.1.