Composition of hydrophilic painted surface
Paint configured to provide a hydrophilic paint surface comprising a paint base and a texture imprinting additive (TIA) that provides sacrificial particles upon drying of the paint. Loss of the sacrificial particles increases roughness and reduces the contact angle with water, providing a hydrophilic surface that is wettable and hence self-cleaning. Also described are specific types of TIA, methods of making the paint, methods of making a hydrophilic surface, and kits.
1. A paint that is applied to a surface to provide a hydrophilic painted surface, the paint comprising:
a paint base that includes a solvent; and
a texture imprinting additive (TIA) comprises particles that are suspended in the solvent of the paint base;
wherein the TIA comprises one or more of a water soluble solid, a photodegrading material, an oxygen-degrading material, or a combination thereof,
wherein one or more of the water soluble solid comprises at least one of a sugar, an organic salt, an inorganic salt, or a combination thereof,
wherein the solvent of the paint base evaporates leaving behind sacrificial particles of the TIA on the painted surface;
wherein the sacrificial particles of the TIA have an average particle size in a range from about 0.001 μm to about 200 μm;
wherein removal of the sacrificial particles of the TIA leaves behind a microtextured surface with increased hydrophilicity upon drying of the painted surface; and wherein the microtextured surface with increased hydrophilicity has a surface roughness in a range from about 0.1 μm to about 2 μm.
2. The paint of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the water-soluble solid is selected from a group consisting of a sucrose, a hydroxyapatite, a magnesium sulfate hydrate, a hydrated calcium sulphate, an acid ammonium fluoride, an ammonium bifluoride, a sodium chloride, a sodium nitrate, a potassium nitrate, a sodium carbonate, a sodium bicarbonate, a sodium acetate, a copper phosphate dihydrate, and a combination thereof.
3. The paint of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the water-soluble solid is selected from a group consisting of a sulfate, a phosphate, a metal oxide, a carbonate, a bicarbonate, a nitrate, an acetate, an ammonium, a fluoride salt, and a combination thereof.
4. The paint of claim 1 , wherein the TIA comprises particles with a shape corresponding to one or more of a nano-needle, a nano-rod, a nano-star cluster, or a nano-fiber.
5. The paint of claim 1 , wherein the sacrificial particles of the TIA have the average particle size in a range from about 0.05 μm to about 5 μm.
6. The paint of claim 1 , wherein the sacrificial particles of the TIA have the average particle size in a range from about 6 nm to about 8 nm.
7. The paint of claim 1 , wherein microtextured surface with increased hydrophilicity has a water contact angle (θ) in a range from about 0° to about 90°.
8. The paint of claim 1 , wherein the suspended particles further comprise a surface modifier.
9. The paint of claim 8 , wherein the surface modifier prevents particle-particle interaction.
10. The paint of claim 9 , wherein the surface modifier comprises a charged moiety.
11. The paint of claim 1 , wherein the paint base comprises an aqueous solution.
12. The paint of claim 1 , wherein the paint base comprises an oil-based solution or a solution based on mineral spirits.
13. The paint of claim 1 , wherein the paint base is a durable paint.
14. The paint of claim 13 , wherein the durable paint comprises a hydrophobic material.
15. The paint of claim 1 , further comprising a pigment.
16. The paint of claim 1 , further comprising a binder selected from a group consisting of an acrylic, an alkyd, an oil-modified alkyl coating, a phenolic, a phenolic-alkyd, a silicone-alkyd, an epoxy, a moisture-Cured (MC) Urethanes, an Oil-Modified Urethanes, a Vinyl, and a Vinyl-Alkyd.
17. The paint of claim 1 , further comprising a drying agent.
18. A method of making a paint, the method comprising: mixing a texture imprinting additive (TIA) with a paint base; wherein the TIA comprises one or more of a water soluble solid, a photodegrading material, an oxygen-degrading material, or a combinations thereof, wherein one or more of the water soluble solid comprises at least one of a sugar, an organic salt, an inorganic salt, and a combination thereof, and wherein the TIA has an average particle size in a range from about 0.001 μm to about 200 μm; wherein when the paint is applied to a surface and the TIA removed, the surface has a microtextured surface with increased hydrophilicity and has a surface roughness in a range from about 0.1 μm to about 2 μm.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein mixing the TIA with the paint base comprises mixing one or more of a water-soluble solid TIA with the paint base, wherein one or more of the water-soluble solid TIA is selected from a group consisting of a sucrose, a hydroxyapatite, a magnesium sulfate hydrate, a hydrated calcium sulphate, an acid ammonium fluoride, an ammonium bifluoride, a sodium chloride, a sodium nitrate, a potassium nitrate, a sodium carbonate, a sodium bicarbonate, a sodium acetate, a copper phosphate dihydrate, and a combination thereof.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein mixing the TIA with the paint base comprises mixing one or more of a water-soluble solid TIA with the paint base, wherein one or more of the water-soluble solid TIA is selected from a group consisting of a sulfate, a phosphate, a metal oxide, a carbonate, a bicarbonate, a nitrate, an acetate, an ammonium, a fluoride salt, and a combination thereof.
21. The method of claim 18 , wherein mixing the TIA with the paint base comprises mixing TIA particles with the paint base, wherein the TIA particles have a shape corresponding to one or more of a nano-needle, a nano-rod, a nano-star cluster, or a nano-fiber.
22. The method of claim 18 , further comprising:
applying a paint mixture to a surface to form a painted surface; and
after the paint is dried, removing the TIA from the painted surface.
23. A method of making a surface hydrophilic, the method comprising:
applying a composition to the surface, wherein the composition comprises a paint base and a texture imprinting additive (TIA),
wherein the TIA comprises one or more of a water soluble solid, a photodegrading material, an oxygen-degrading material, or a combination thereof,
wherein one or more of the water soluble solid comprises at least one of a sugar, an organic salt, an inorganic salt, or a combination thereof, and
wherein the TIA has an average particle size in a range from about 0.001 μm to about 200 μm;
facilitating drying of the composition on the surface to form a painted surface, wherein the TIA provides sacrificial particles on the painted surface; and
removing the sacrificial particles from the painted surface to form a hydrophilic painted surface, wherein the hydrophilic painted surface is microtextured and,
wherein the microtextured surface with increased hydrophilicity has a surface roughness in a range from about 0.1 μm to about 2 μm.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein removing the sacrificial particles from the painted surface provides the painted surface with a water contact angle (θ) in a range from about 0° to about 90°.
25. The method of claim 23 , wherein removing the sacrificial particles from the painted surface comprises one or more of the following:
washing the painted surface with at least one solvent;
exposing the painted surface to photons;
exposing the painted surface to an electron beam;
washing the painted surface with at least one depolymerizing agent; and
heating the painted surface.
26. The method of claim 23 , wherein removing the sacrificial particles from the painted surface comprises washing the painted surface with at least one depolymerizing agent selected from a group consisting of an enzyme, an acid, a base, a reducing agent, and an oxidizing agent.
27. The method of claim 23 , wherein removing the sacrificial particles from the painted surface comprises exposing the painted surface to an exterior environment.
28. The method of claim 23 , wherein the surface is previously coated with the paint base lacking the TIA.
29. The method of claim 23 , wherein removing the sacrificial particles from the painted surface comprises exposing the painted surface to photons from one or more of sunlight, ultraviolet light, or infrared light.