Turbine stage cooling
A turbine injection system for a gas turbine engine includes a first end operable to receive air from a heat exchanger, a second end operable to distribute mixed cooling air to a turbine stage, an opening downstream of said first end and a mixing plenum downstream of said first end and said opening. The opening provides a direct fluid pathway into said turbine injection system.
1. A gas turbine engine comprising:
a compressor section having a plurality of compressor stages;
a combustor disposed within a combustor section, wherein the combustor section is fluidly connected to the compressor section;
a turbine section fluidly connected to the combustor, said turbine section having at least one stage;
a cooling air exit disposed on a wall of said combustor section;
a first fluid pathway connecting said cooling air exit to an input of a heat exchanger;
a second fluid pathway connecting a first output of said heat exchanger to a turbine injection system;
an opening fluidly connecting said turbine injection system to said combustor section; and
a mixing plenum downstream of said opening.
2. The gas turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein the cooling air exit is disposed on a radially outward wall of the combustor section.
3. The gas turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger further comprises a second output, and wherein said second output is fluidly connected to at least one other engine component, thereby providing cooling air to the at least one other engine component.
4. The gas turbine engine of claim 3 , wherein the at least one other engine component includes an engine bearing compartment.
5. The gas turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein said mixing plenum is a segment of said turbine injection system downstream of said opening.
6. The gas turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein said mixing plenum is disposed between an output of said turbine injection system and said turbine section.
7. The gas turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein air entering said turbine injection system from said heat exchanger is below a first threshold temperature.
8. The gas turbine engine of claim 7 , wherein air entering said turbine injection system through said opening is above a second threshold temperature, the second threshold temperature being higher than the first threshold temperature.
9. The gas turbine engine of claim 8 , wherein air exiting said mixing plenum is at a temperature between the first threshold and the second threshold.
10. The gas turbine engine of claim 1 , further comprising a controller controllably coupled to said buffer heat exchanger and operable to control active cooling operations of said heat exchanger.
11. The gas turbine engine of claim 10 , further comprising at least one of a valve disposed in said cooling air exit and a valve disposed in said opening.
12. The gas turbine engine of claim 11 , wherein at least one of said valve disposed in said cooling air exit and said valve disposed in said opening is controllably coupled to said controller.
13. A turbine injection system for a gas turbine engine comprising:
a first end operable to receive air from a heat exchanger;
a second end operable to distribute mixed cooling air to a turbine stage;
an opening downstream of said first end, wherein said opening provides a direct fluid pathway into said turbine injection system; and
a mixing plenum downstream of said first end and said opening.
14. The turbine injection system of claim 13 , wherein air at said first end is at a temperature below a first threshold temperature.
15. The turbine injection system of claim 13 , wherein a temperature of air at said opening exceeds a second threshold temperature, and wherein the second threshold temperature is in greater than the first threshold temperature.
16. The turbine injection system of claim 13 , wherein a temperature of air at a downstream end of said mixing plenum is between said first threshold temperature and said second threshold temperature.
17. A method for providing cooling air to a turbine stage in a gas turbine engine comprising:
extracting air from a combustor section;
cooling said air using a heat exchanger;
providing a first portion of said air to a cooling plenum;
mixing said first portion of said air with combustor air in said cooling plenum; thereby achieving a desired cooling air temperature; and
providing a second portion of said air to at least one other component of the gas turbine engine directly from said heat exchanger.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein mixing said first portion of said air with combustor air in said cooling plenum comprises receiving air directly from said combustor section through a turbine injection system opening upstream of said mixing plenum.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein cooling said air using a heat exchanger comprises overcooling said air below a first threshold temperature, wherein the first threshold temperature is a minimum temperature required to provide full cooling of at least one turbine stage without overcooling the at least one turbine stage.
20. The method of claim 17 , wherein mixing said first portion of said air with combustor air in said cooling plenum, thereby achieving a desired cooling air temperature comprises mixing overcooled air from said heat exchanger with air directly from said combustor section.
21. The gas turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein the turbine injection system is at least partially disposed radially inward of the combustor.
22. The gas turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein the mixing plenum is radially inward of the combustor.
23. The gas turbine engine of claim 22 , wherein the mixing plenum is at least partially axially downstream of the combustor.
24. The gas turbine engine of claim 13 , wherein the direct fluid pathway into said turbine injection system is connected to a combustor section of a turbine engine.
25. The gas turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein the mixing plenum is configured to mix air from the first output of the heat exchanger with air from the combustor section.