Substrate with a structured surface and methods for the production thereof, and methods for determining the wetting properties thereof
An implant includes a microstructured hyperhydrophilic surface with protrusions and depressions in which a spacing between the protrusions as a statistical mean is in a range of 1 to 100 μm and a profile height of the protrusions and depressions as a statistical mean is in the range of 1 to 80 μm.
1. An implant comprising:
an implant having a first microstructured hyperhydrophilic surface with protrusions and depressions, wherein the spacing between the protrusions as a statistical mean is in a range of 1 to 100 μm and a profile height of the protrusions and depressions as a statistical mean is in a range of 1 to 80 μm,
wherein the implant has a microscopic roughness factor (r M ) in a range between 2 and 50, and
wherein at least one of two dynamic contact angles θ V and θ R of the hyperhydrophilic surface is in a hyperhydrophilic range with 1.0<ΔF/(P·γ)≤2.15,
wherein θ V stands for advancing angle, θ R stands for receding angle, ΔF stands for a difference between measured net forces, γ stands for surface tension of water, and P stands for perimeter of the sample.
2. An implant according to claim 1 wherein the first microstructured hyperhydrophilic surface is superimposed by a second microstructure with second protrusions and depressions,
wherein the spacing between the second protrusions as a statistical mean is in the range of 0.1 to 10 μm and the height of the second protrusions and depressions as a statistical mean is in the range of 0.1 to 10 μm.
3. An implant according to claim 1 wherein the first microstructured hyperhydrophilic surface is microstructured irregularly or at least in partial regions regularly.
4. An implant according to claim 1 , wherein the first microstructured hyperhydrophilic surface is superimposed with a nanostructure.
5. An implant according to claim 4 , wherein the nanostructure is produced by a wet-chemical procedure by chromo-sulphuric acid etching.
6. An implant according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of two dynamic contact angles θ V and θ R is in a hyperhydrophilic range with 1.0<ΔF/(P·γ)≤1.0619.
7. An implant according to claim 1 , wherein the implant comprises a titanium/aluminum/vanadium alloy.
8. An implant according to claim 1 , wherein the implant comprises chromium nickel steel.
9. An implant according to claim 1 , wherein the implant comprises a metal or metal alloy composite material with a ceramic material.
10. An implant according to claim 9 , wherein the ceramic material comprises hydroxylapatite, zirconium oxide, or aluminium oxide.
11. An implant according to claim 1 , wherein the implant further comprises a salt-bearing exsiccation layer formed on the first microstructured hyperhydrophilic surface.