Pharmaceutical formulation containing opioid agonist, opioid antagonist and irritant agent
Disclosed in certain embodiments is an oral dosage form comprising: a therapeutically effective amount of an opioid analgesic; an opioid antagonist; and an irritant in an effective amount to impart an irritating sensation to an abuser upon administration of the dosage form after tampering.
1. An oral dosage form comprising: an analgesically effective amount of an opioid analgesic selected from the group consisting of hydrocodone, morphine, hydromorphone, oxycodone, codeine, levorphanol, meperidine, methadone, oxymorphone, buprenorphine, fentanyl, dipipanone, salts thereof, and mixtures thereof; and particles comprising an opioid antagonist selected from the group consisting of naltrexone, naloxone, nalmefene, nalorphine, cyclazocine, levallorphan, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and mixtures thereof; and an irritant in an effective amount to impart a burning sensation to an abuser upon administration of said dosage form after tampering comprising crushing, shearing, grinding, chewing, dissolution in a solvent, heating at a temperature of greater than 45° C., or any combination thereof;
wherein the particles comprising the opioid antagonist are from about 0.2 mm to about 2 mm in diameter.
2. The oral dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the irritant is selected from the group consisting of capsaicin, a capsaicin analog, and mixtures thereof.
3. The oral dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the irritant is a capsaicin analog selected from the group consisting of resiniferatoxin, tinyatoxin, heptanoylisobutylamide, heptanoyl guaiacylamide, other isobutylamides or guaiacylamides, dihydrocapsaicin, homovanillyl octylester, nonanoyl vanillylamide, and mixtures thereof.
4. The oral dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the irritant is capsaicin.
5. The oral dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the irritant is vanillylamide.
6. The oral dosage form of clam 1 , wherein the irritant is in a sequestered form.
7. The oral dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the opioid antagonist is in a sequestered form.
8. The oral dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the opioid antagonist and the irritant are both in sequestered forms.
9. The oral dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the irritant is in an amount of about 0.00125% to about 50% by weight of the dosage form.
10. The oral dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the irritant is in an amount of about 1% to about 7.5% by weight of the dosage form.
11. The oral dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the irritant is in an amount of about 1% to about 5% by weight of the dosage form.
12. The oral dosage forms of claim 1 , further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
13. The oral dosages form of claim 12 , wherein said excipient is a sustained release excipient.
14. The oral dosage form of claim 12 , said dosage form providing an analgesic effect for at least about 12 hours after oral administration to a human patient.
15. The oral dosage form of claim 1 , wherein said irritant is at least partially interdispersed with the opioid analgesic.
16. The oral dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the opioid antagonist is in an amount sufficient to attenuate a side effect of said opioid agonist selected from the group consisting of anti-analgesia, hyperalgesia, hyperexcitability, physical dependence, tolerance, and a combination of any of the foregoing.
17. The oral dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the opioid antagonist is naltrexone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
18. The oral dosage form of claim 17 , wherein the opioid analgesic is oxycodone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
19. The dosage form of claim 18 , wherein the dosage form is a controlled release oral dosage form.
20. The dosage form of claim 19 , wherein the dosage form provides effective pain relief for about 12 hours or about 24 hours.
21. The dosage form of claim 18 , wherein the dosage form includes a controlled release material which is incorporated into a matrix along with the opioid analgesic and the opioid antagonist.