Multilayered core/shell microcapsules
The invention relates to a method of making multilayer core/shell microcapsules for delivery of active agents such as fragrance components of perfume oils. The method includes forming an outer shell by coacervation surrounding an internal phase which contains the active agent; and forming an inner shell by interfacial polymerization at the interface between the internal phase and the outer shell. The internal phase contains the active agent. The microcapsules are typically incorporated in a consumer product wherein the multilayer shell prevents the active agent from release until desired, generally during use of the consumer product.
1. A method of making interlinked multilayer microcapsules, which comprises:
providing as a dispersion in an aqueous vehicle, a hydrophobic internal phase comprising a monomer and an active agent of a fragrancing or flavoring component;
providing a complex coacervation by mixing a first and second polyelectrolytes in the aqueous vehicle under conditions sufficient to form a suspension of complex coacervate nodules;
first depositing the complex coacervate nodules at an interface of an aqueous vehicle adjacent the hydrophobic internal phase to initially form an outer shell of the microcapsule, wherein the hydrophobic internal phase forms the core and contains the monomer and a fragrancing or flavoring component therein; and
subsequently introducing a water soluble reactant into the aqueous vehicle under conditions sufficient to induce interfacial polymerization of the monomer inside the outer shell to thereafter form an inner shell at the interface between the internal phase and the outer shell.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first polyelectrolyte carries a net positive charge when the pH is less than 8 while the second polyelectrolyte carries a net negative charge when the pH is greater than 2.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first polyelectrolyte is gelatin and the second polyelectrolyte is selected from the group consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl guar gum, xanthan gum and plant gums.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the second polyelectrolyte is acacia gum.
5. The method of claim 1 which further comprises cross-linking the core-shell capsule chemically or enzymatically before introducing the reactant into the aqueous vehicle.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pH and the temperature of the aqueous vehicle are adjusted before during or after the introduction of reactant to control the rate of interfacial polymerization.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microcapsule's inner shell has a volume that is between 0.1 and 80% of the volume of the outer shell.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fragrancing or flavoring component is a perfume or flavor oil.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inner and outer shells are present as interlinked layers.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the multilayer microcapsules that are produced include the coacervate as the outer shell, the polymer as the inner shell, and the active agent in the internal phase.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the fragrancing or flavoring component is a perfume or flavor oil.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multilayered microcapsules that are produced are added to a consumer product in the form of a home- or personal-care product in liquid or powder form.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the consumer product is a detergent composition, a fabric softener, a hard surface cleaning composition, a dishwashing composition, a shampoo, a hair conditioner, a shower or bath mousse, oil or gel, a deodorant, or an antiperspirant.
14. A method of making interlinked multilayer microcapsules, which comprises:
providing as a dispersion in an aqueous vehicle, a hydrophobic internal phase comprising a monomer and an active agent of a fragrancing or flavoring component;
mixing a first and second polyelectrolytes in the aqueous vehicle under conditions sufficient to form a suspension of complex coacervate nodules;
depositing the complex coacervate nodules at an interface of an aqueous vehicle adjacent the hydrophobic internal phase to form an outer shell of the microcapsule, wherein the hydrophobic internal phase forms the core and contains the monomer and fragrancing or flavoring component therein; and
introducing a water soluble reactant into the aqueous vehicle under conditions sufficient to induce interfacial polymerization of the monomer inside the outer shell to form an inner shell at the interface between the internal phase and the outer shell,
wherein the monomer is an oil soluble isocyanate, and the reactant is guanazole, guanidine, or a salt thereof.