Chardonnay grape seed extract
A novel grape seed extract is enriched in procyanidins, has total polyphenols of less than 70%, and has a low degree of polymerization (dp). Other fractions of the extract have minimal polyphenols, fiber, and protein, but contain more than 90% sugars. In some specific examples, the individual extracts are obtained by sequential ultrafiltration of a water extract of the grape seeds. A first ultrafiltration provides a first permeate (Fraction A) enriched in sugars which is useful as a flavorant, and a first retentate. The first retentate is reconstituted and subjected to a second ultrafiltration at a higher molecular weight cutoff to produce a second permeate (Fraction B) that is enriched in low molecular weight polyphenols, and a second retentate (Fraction C) that is enriched in seed fiber. The Fractions are individually suitable for different nutraceutical products, or can be combined with each other in any combination and/or with other nutraceutical agents to enhance vascular and cognitive health.
1. A method of extracting grape seeds to produce grape seed fractions, comprising the steps of:
(a) mixing washed grape seeds with heated water at a temperature below 100° C.;
(b) enzymatically treating and filtering the mixture of step (a) with a filter having pores in the range of 1-10 microns to substantially remove insoluble plant material in the extract and produce a clarified extract;
(c) processing the clarified extract of step (b) by ultrafiltration with a membrane having a molecular weight cutoff of 1-5 kDa to produce a first permeate [Fraction A] and a first retentate, wherein the first permeate [Fraction A] is comprised of at least 80% sugars by dry weight;
(d) reconstituting the first retentate of step (c) in water and processing by ultrafiltration with a membrane having a molecular weight cutoff in the range of 100-500 kDa to produce a second permeate [Fraction B] containing polyphenols with a mean degree of polymerization (mdp) of less than 3, and a second retentate [Fraction C] enriched in fiber and polyphenols, wherein the polyphenols in Fraction C have a mdp of greater than 5.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising concentrating and/or drying the first permeate [Fraction A].
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising concentrating and drying the second permeate [Fraction B].
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising concentrating and drying the second retentate [Fraction C].
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the grape seeds are Chardonnay grape seeds.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first permeate [Fraction A] comprises greater than 80% sugars, less than 5% lipids, and less than 1% polyphenols, by dry weight.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second permeate [Fraction B] comprises less than 1% lipids and at least 38% but less than 70% polyphenols by dry weight, wherein less than 10% of the polyphenols contain more than 10 monomeric units, and the second permeate has a mdp of less than 2.5.
8. The method claim 1 , wherein the second retentate [Fraction C] comprises 26-30% fiber, 45-55% polyphenols having a mdp of greater than 5, 2-3% proteins, and less than 1% lipid by dry weight.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) to the clarified extract between step (b) and step (c), to increase efficiency of ultrafiltration.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the washed grape seeds are extracted with water at a water temperature of 100-200° F.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the washed grape seeds are extracted with water at a water temperature of 130-190° F.
12. A method of extracting Chardonnay grape seeds to produce grape seed fractions, comprising the steps of:
(a) mixing washed grape seeds with heated water at a water temperature below 100° C.;
(b) enzymatically treating and filtering the mixture of step (a) with a filter having pores in the range of 1-10 microns to substantially remove insoluble plant material in the extract and produce a clarified extract;
(c) processing the clarified extract of step (b) by ultrafiltration with a membrane having a molecular weight cutoff of 1-5 kDa to produce a first permeate [Fraction A] and a first retentate, wherein the first permeate [Fraction A] is comprised of least 80% sugars;
(d) reconstituting the first retentate of step (c) in water and processing the first reconstituted retentate by ultrafiltration with a membrane having a molecular weight cutoff in the range of 100-500 kDa to produce a second permeate [Fraction B] containing polyphenols with a mean degree of polymerization (mdp) of less than 3, and a second retentate [Fraction C] enriched in fiber and polyphenols, wherein the polyphenols in the second retentate [Fraction C] have a mdp of greater than 5;
(e) concentrating and/or drying one or more of the first permeate [Fraction A], the second permeate [Fraction B], and the second retentate [Fraction C].
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein:
the first permeate [Fraction A] comprises greater than 80% sugars, less than 5% lipids, and less than 1% polyphenols by dry weight;
the second permeate [Fraction B] comprises less than 1% lipids and at least 38% but less than 70% polyphenols by dry weight, wherein less than 10% of the polyphenols contain more than 10 monomeric units, and the second permeate has a mdp of less than 2.5; and
the second retentate [Fraction C] comprises 26-30% fiber, 45-55% polyphenols having a mdp of greater than 5, 2-3% proteins, and less than 1% lipid by dry weight.