Process for the production of high-purity paraxylene from a xylenes cut, using two simulated moving bed separation units operating in series and two isomerization units

1. A process for producing high-purity paraxylene from a xylenes cut containing ethylbenzene and C9+ compounds, which process is performed in an apparatus that contains two simulated moving bed separation units (SMB- 1 and SMB- 2 ), and two isomerization units (ISOM- 1 and ISOM- 2 ), wherein ISOM- 1 operates in liquid phase and ISOM- 2 operates in gas phase, said process consisting of the following series of stages:

sending a feedstock ( 2 ) comprising metaxylene, paraxylene, orthoxylene, ethylbenzene, and C9+ compounds to a distillation column (S- 1 ) from where a mixture ( 3 ) is drawn off at a top comprising a major part of the metaxylene, paraxylene, and ethylbenzene, and at least a part of the orthoxylene, and from where a flow ( 4 ) of C9-C10 hydrocarbons and the remaining part of the orthoxylene is drawn off at a bottom,

separating the mixture from the top ( 3 ) in the separation unit (SMB- 1 ) comprising at least one adsorber containing a plurality of interconnected beds and operating in a closed loop, said adsorber comprising at least five zones delimited by injections of the mixture ( 3 ) and a first desorbent ( 16 ), and draw-offs of a first extract ( 5 ) containing paraxylene, a first intermediate raffinate ( 7 ) containing ethylbenzene, and a first raffinate- 2 ( 8 ) containing orthoxylene and metaxylene,

carrying out a simulated moving bed separation of a first isomerate ( 11 ) originating from the isomerization unit (ISOM- 1 ) in the separation unit (SMB- 2 ) constituted by at least one adsorber containing a plurality of interconnected beds and operating optionally in a closed loop, said adsorber comprising at least five zones delimited by injections of the first isomerate ( 11 ) and of a second desorbent ( 17 ), and draw-offs of a second extract ( 12 ) containing paraxylene, a second intermediate raffinate ( 14 ) containing ethylbenzene, and a second raffinate- 2 ( 15 ) containing orthoxylene and metaxylene,

recovering a paraxylene-enriched fraction from the first extract ( 5 ) and/or the second extract ( 12 ),

mixing the first and second raffinates- 2 ( 8 ) and ( 15 ) to form a flow ( 9 ) which is distilled in a column (RAF- 2 ) to eliminate substantially all of the desorbents ( 16 ) and ( 17 ) and to draw off a first distilled fraction ( 10 ),

supplying the isomerization unit (ISOM- 1 ) with the first distilled fraction ( 10 ) to obtain the first isomerate ( 11 ),

mixing the first and second intermediate raffinates ( 7 ) and ( 14 ) to form a flow ( 18 ) which is distilled in a column (RAFINTER) to substantially eliminate all of the desorbents ( 16 ) and ( 17 ) and to draw off a second distilled fraction ( 19 ),

supplying the isomerization unit (ISOM- 2 ) with the second distilled fraction ( 19 ) to obtain a second isomerate ( 20 ), which is recycled to an inlet of the separation column (S- 1 ).

2. The process for the production of high-purity paraxylene from a xylenes cut containing ethylbenzene and C9+ compounds according to claim 1 , in which the isomerization unit (ISOM- 1 ) operates in liquid phase under the following conditions:

a temperature less than 300° C.,

a pressure less than 4 MPa,

an hourly space velocity less than 10 h −1 ,

in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one zeolite having channels the opening of which is defined by a ring with 10 or 12 oxygen atoms (10 MR or 12 MR).

3. The process for the production of high-purity paraxylene from a xylenes cut containing ethylbenzene and C9+ compounds according to claim 1 , in which the isomerization unit (ISOM- 2 ) operates in liquid phase under the following conditions:

a temperature greater than 300° C.,

a pressure less than 2.5 MPa,

an hourly space velocity less than 10 h −1 ,

a hydrogen to hydrocarbon molar ratio less than 10.

4. The process for the production of high-purity paraxylene from a xylenes cut containing ethylbenzene and C9+ compounds according to claim 3 , in which the catalyst for the isomerization unit (ISOM- 2 ) contains an acid zeolite, and at least one metal of group VIII of the periodic table.

5. The process for the production of high-purity paraxylene from a xylenes cut containing ethylbenzene and C9+ compounds according to claim 3 , in which the catalyst for the isomerization unit (ISOM- 2 ) contains at least one zeolite having channels the opening of which is defined by a ring with 10 to 12 oxygen atoms (10 MR or 12 MR), and at least one group VIII metal at a content between 0.1 and 0.3% by weight, inclusive.

6. The process for the production of high-purity paraxylene from a xylenes cut containing ethylbenzene and C9+ compounds according to claim 1 , in which the separation unit (SMB- 1 ) contains PDEB as desorbent.

7. The process for the production of high-purity paraxylene from a xylenes cut containing ethylbenzene and C9+ compounds according to claim 1 , in which the separation unit (SMB- 2 ) contains toluene as desorbent.

8. The process for the production of high-purity paraxylene from a xylenes cut containing ethylbenzene and C9+ compounds according to claim 1 , in which the separation units (SMB 1 ) and (SMB- 2 ) contain from 6 to 24 beds, distributed over one or more adsorbers, the number of beds being adjusted so that each bed optionally has a height between 0.70 m and 1.40 m.

9. The process for the production of high-purity paraxylene from a xylenes cut containing ethylbenzene and C9+ compounds according to claim 1 , in which the distribution of the quantity of solid adsorbent in the separation units (SMB- 1 ) and (SMB- 2 ) is as follows:

the quantity of solid adsorbent in a zone 1 is 16%±5%,

the quantity of solid adsorbent in a zone 2 is 40%±5%,

the quantity of solid adsorbent in a zone 3A is 16%±5%,

the quantity of solid adsorbent in a zone 3B is 16%±5%,

the quantity of solid adsorbent in a zone 4 is 12%±5%,

wherein the zones are as follows:

zone 1 is between the injection of the desorbent and the draw off of the extract,

zone 2 is between the draw-off of the extract and the injection of the feedstock,

zone 3A is between the injection of the feedstock and the draw-off of the intermediate raffinate,

zone 3B is between the draw off of the intermediate raffinate and the draw-off of the raffinate- 2 ,

zone 4 is between the draw-off of the raffinate- 2 and the injection of the desorbent.

10. The process for the production of high-purity paraxylene from a xylenes cut containing ethylbenzene and C9+ compounds according to claim 1 , in which, with respect to the separation unit (SMB- 1 ), a ratio by volume of desorbent to feedstock is at least 1.7/1.

11. The process for the production of high-purity paraxylene from a xylenes cut containing ethylbenzene and C9+ compounds according to claim 1 , in which, with respect to the separation unit (SMB- 1 ), a ratio of flow rates of intermediate raffinate and raffinate- 2 is between 0.3/1 and 5/1, inclusive.

12. The process for the production of high-purity paraxylene from a xylenes cut containing ethylbenzene and C9+ compounds according to claim 1 , in which, with respect to the separation unit (SMB- 2 ), a ratio by volume of desorbent to feedstock is at least 1.7/1.

13. The process for the production of high-purity paraxylene from a xylenes cut containing ethylbenzene and C9+ compounds according to claim 1 , in which, with respect to the separation unit (SMB- 2 ), a ratio of flow rates of intermediate raffinate and raffinate- 2 is between 0.3/1 and 5/1, inclusive.

14. The process for the production of high-purity paraxylene from a xylenes cut containing ethylbenzene and C9+ compounds according to claim 1 , which is a process based on debottlenecking of an existing separation unit, constituted by two adsorbers in series, as follows:

the last bed of the first adsorber is connected to the first bed of the first adsorber via a line containing at least one recirculation pump, this first adsorber acting as a separation unit (SMB- 1 ), and

the last bed of the second adsorber is connected to the first bed of the second adsorber via a line containing at least one recirculation pump, this second adsorber acting as a separation unit (SMB- 2 ).

15. The process for the production of high-purity paraxylene from a xylenes cut containing ethylbenzene and C9+ compounds according to claim 1 , in which the configuration of the two separation units (SMB- 1 ) and (SMB- 2 ) has a fixed number of beds in each of the chromatographic zones of each of the two separation units.

16. The process for the production of high-purity paraxylene from a xylenes cut containing ethylbenzene and C9+ compounds according to claim 1 , in which:

the first extract ( 5 ) originating from the separation unit (SMB- 1 ) is distilled in a column (EXT- 1 ) to recover a first fraction ( 6 ) enriched with paraxylene, and

the second extract ( 12 ) is distilled in a column (EXT 2 ) to recover a second fraction ( 13 ) enriched with paraxylene.

17. The process for the production of high-purity paraxylene from a xylenes cut containing ethylbenzene and C9+ compounds according to claim 1 , in which the two extracts ( 5 ) and ( 12 ) are distilled in a single common extraction column in order to recover a single fraction enriched with paraxylene.

18. The process for the production of high-purity paraxylene from a xylenes cut containing ethylbenzene and C9+ compounds according to claim 1 , wherein the column (RAFINTER) receives a mixture of two different desorbents, one from SMB- 1 and another from SMB- 2 and the column (RAF- 2 ) receives a mixture of two different desorbents, one from SMB- 1 and another from SMB- 2 .

19. The process for the production of high-purity paraxylene from a xylenes cut containing ethylbenzene and C9+ compounds according to claim 1 , in which the isomerization unit (ISOM- 1 ) operates in liquid phase under the following conditions:

a temperature of 200 to 260° C.,

a pressure of 2 to 3 MPa,

an hourly space velocity of 2 h −1 to 4 h −1 ,

in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one zeolite having channels the opening of which is defined by a ring with 10 oxygen atoms (10 MR).

20. The process for the production of high-purity paraxylene from a xylenes cut containing ethylbenzene and C9+ compounds according to claim 1 , in which the isomerization unit (ISOM- 2 ) operates in liquid phase under the following conditions:

a temperature of 360° C. to 480° C.,

a pressure of 0.5 to 0.8 MPa,

an hourly space velocity of 0.5 h −1 to 6 h −1 ,

a hydrogen to hydrocarbon molar ratio of 3 to 6.