5′ triphosphate oligonucleotide with blunt end and uses thereof
The present invention provides an oligonucleotide which is capable of activating RIG-I and inducing an anti-viral, in particular, an IFN, response in cells expressing RIG-I. The present invention further provides an oligonucleotide which is capable of activating RIG-I and which has target gene-silencing activity. The oligonucleotide of the present invention has a double-stranded section of at least 19, preferably at least 21 bp, at least one 5′ triphosphate, and at least one blunt end which bears a 5′ triphosphate. The present invention further provides the use said oligonucleotide for inducing an anti-viral, in particular, an IFN, response in vitro and in vivo. The present invention additionally provides the use of said oligonucleotide for preventing and/or treating diseases or conditions such as infections, tumors/cancers, and immune disorders.
1. An oligonucleotide preparation comprising an essentially homogenous population of an oligonucleotide, wherein the oligonucleotide has one blunt end, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises at least 1 ribonucleotide at the 5′ end at the blunt end, wherein the blunt end bears a 5′ triphosphate attached to the most 5′ ribonucleotide, wherein the 5′ triphosphate is free of any cap structure, wherein the blunt end is an end of a double-stranded section, and wherein the double-stranded section is at least 19 base pairs in length, and
(a) wherein the oligonucleotide is double-stranded and the other end of the oligonucleotide comprises a 5′ or 3′ overhang; or
(b) wherein the double-stranded section is the stem of the stem-and-loop structure.
2. The oligonucleotide preparation of claim 1 , wherein the double-stranded section is a fully double-stranded section.
3. The oligonucleotide preparation of claim 1 , wherein the double-stranded section is at least 21 base pairs in length.
4. The oligonucleotide preparation of claim 1 , wherein the oligonucleotide comprises at least one inosine.
5. The oligonucleotide preparation of claim 1 , wherein the most 5′ ribonucleotide with the triphosphate attached to is selected from the group consisting of A, G and U.
6. The oligonucleotide preparation of claim 1 , wherein the sequence of the first 4 ribonucleotides at the 5′ end bearing the 5′-triphosphate is selected from the group consisting of: AAGU, AAAG, AUGG, AUUA, AACG, AUGA, AGUU, AUUG, AACA, AGAA, AGCA, AACU, AUCG, AGGA, AUCA, AUGC, AGUA, AAGC, AACC, AGGU, AAAC, AUGU, ACUG, ACGA, ACAG, AAGG, ACAU, ACGC, AAAU, ACGG, AUUC, AGUG, ACAA, AUCC, AGUC, wherein the sequence is in the 5′→3′ direction.
7. The oligonucleotide preparation of claim 1 , wherein the oligonucleotide is free of modifications selected from the group consisting of pseudouridine, 2-triouridine, 2′-fluorine-dNTP.
8. The oligonucleotide preparation of claim 1 , wherein the most 3′ nucleotide which base pairs with the most 5′ ribonucleotide bearing the 5′ triphosphate at the blunt end is 2′-O-methylated.
9. The oligonucleotide preparation of claim 1 , wherein the oligonucleotide comprises at least one structural motif recognized by at least one of TLR3, TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9.
10. The oligonucleotide preparation of claim 1 , wherein the oligonucleotide has target gene-silencing activity.
11. The oligonucleotide preparation of claim 10 , wherein the oligonucleotide has both target gene-silencing activity and the ability of RIG-I activation.
12. The oligonucleotide preparation of claim 10 , wherein the target gene is Bcl-2.
13. The oligonucleotide preparation of claim 1 , wherein the oligonucleotide contains a synthetic or modified internucleoside linkage, or a mixture thereof, provided the linkage(s) do not compromise the type I IFN-inducing activity of the oligonucleotide.
14. The oligonucleotide preparation of claim 1 , wherein the oligonucleotide comprises phosphorothioate linkage(s) and/or pyrophosphate linkage(s).
15. A pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one oligonucleotide preparation of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
16. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 15 , further comprising an immunostimulatory agent, an antigen, an anti-viral agent, an anti-bacterial agent, an anti-tumor agent, retinoic acid, IFN-α, IFN-β, or any combination thereof.
17. A method for preventing or treating a disease selected from a tumor, an infection, and an immune disorder in a subject, the method comprising the step of administering a pharmaceutical composition as defined in claim 14 to said subject.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered in combination with a prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of a tumor, an infection or an immune disorder.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the oligonucleotide preparation is administered in combination with an immunostimulatory agent, an antigen, an anti-viral agent, an anti-bacterial agent, an anti-tumor agent, retinoic acid, IFN-α, IFN-β, or any combination thereof.
20. An in vitro method for inducing type I IFN production in a cell, comprising the steps of:
(a) mixing at least one oligonucleotide preparation of claim 1 with a complexation agent; and
(b) contacting a cell with the mixture of (a), wherein the cell expresses RIG-I.