Thermoelectric power generation and mineral extraction from brines
Disclosed herein is a method and apparatus that uses a brine from a well that is used to both generate electricity and recover valuable minerals present in the brine. The method and apparatus uses a hydrophobic membrane to separate water vapor from the brine to concentrate the brine that is then used to recover the minerals.
1. A method for generating electricity and recovering a mineral from a brine comprising the steps of:
a) providing a first brine comprising water, silica, one or more polyvalent ions, and at least one mineral from a well, wherein the first brine has a temperature from about 150° C. to about 300° C.;
b) removing at least a portion of the silica from the first brine, thereby producing a second brine;
c) removing at least a portion of the water from the second brine by passing water vapor generated from the second brine through a hydrophobic membrane, thereby producing a third brine, wherein the third brine has a higher concentration of the at least one mineral than the second brine, wherein the second brine in step c) has a temperature from about 150° C. to about 190° C.;
d) contacting at least a portion of the water vapor that passed through the hydrophobic membrane with a thermoelectric module, thereby generating electricity; and
e) recovering at least a portion of the at least one mineral from the third brine.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one mineral comprises lithium, zinc, magnesium, or uranium, or a combination thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the at least one mineral in the first brine is less than 0.1 wt %.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second brine has a silica concentration of less than 0.01 wt %.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises before step c) a step comprising removing at least a portion of the one or more polyvalent ions present in the first brine.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the at least one mineral in the third brine is from about 0.02 wt % to about 0.3 wt %.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermoelectric module is configured to operate with a hot side of at a temperature from about 100° C. to about 180° C., and a cool side of about 10° C. to about 80° C.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein recovering at least a portion of the at least one mineral from the third brine comprises extracting the at least one mineral from the third brine.
9. A method for generating electricity and recovering a mineral from a brine comprising the steps of:
a) providing a first brine comprising water, silica, one or more polyvalent ions, and at least one mineral from a well, wherein the first brine has a temperature from about 150° C. to about 300° C.;
b) removing at least a portion of the water from the first brine by passing water vapor generated from the first brine through a first hydrophobic membrane, thereby producing a fourth brine, wherein the fourth brine is at least about 5% more concentrated in total solids than the first brine;
c) contacting at least a portion of the water vapor that passed through the first hydrophobic membrane with a thermoelectric module, thereby generating electricity;
d) removing at least a portion of the silica and removing at least a portion of the one or more polyvalent ions from the fourth brine, thereby producing a fifth brine;
e) removing at least a portion of the water from the fifth brine by passing water vapor generated from the fifth brine through a second hydrophobic membrane, wherein the temperature of the fifth brine in step e) is below about 150° C. thereby producing a sixth brine, wherein the sixth brine has a higher concentration of the at least one mineral than the fifth brine; and
f) recovering at least a portion of the at least one mineral from the sixth brine.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the method further comprises contacting at least a portion of the water vapor that was generated from the fifth brine and passed through the second hydrophobic membrane with a thermoelectric module, thereby generating electricity.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the first brine has a temperature from about 150° C. about 190° C.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the first hydrophobic membrane is a ceramic hydrophobic membrane.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the second hydrophobic membrane is a polymeric hydrophobic membrane.