Device and apparatus to facilitate cervix cancer screening
An apparatus for detecting cervical cancer comprising, a mechanical structure configured to expose cervical region comprising, a first duck-billed blade forming a hollow cylinder at one end and a second duck-billed blade coupled to the first blade to form part of a speculum, in that the cervical region is exposed through circular area of the hollow cylinder, a pair of “L” shaped rods attached to the hollow cylinder of the first blade such that they are diagonally opposite and symmetric on either side of the exposed cervical region, and a detachable holder with a housing to hold a secondary unit and at least a pair of hooks to mount on the “L” shaped rods, the secondary unit further comprising, a camera for capturing an image of the exposed cervical region, a processor and a visual indicator to determine and indicate presence or absence of the cervix cancer from the image.
1. An apparatus for detecting cervical cancer comprising:
a mechanical structure configured to expose cervical region comprising:
a first duck-billed blade forming a hollow cylinder at one end and a second duck-billed blade forming a flat end coupled to the first blade to form part of a speculum ( 101 ), in that the cervical region is exposed through circular area of the hollow cylinder;
a pair of “L” shaped rods ( 710 A and 710 B) attached to the hollow cylinder part of the first blade such that they are diagonally opposite and symmetric on either side of the cervical region exposed through the hollow cylinder; and
a detachable holder ( 603 and 703 ) with a housing to hold a secondary unit ( 505 ) and at least a pair of hooks ( 630 A, 630 B and 720 A, 720 B) disposed symmetrically on either side of its peripheral surface to mount on the pair of “L” shaped rods ( 710 A and 710 B), the secondary unit ( 505 ) further comprising:
an image capturing unit ( 420 ) for capturing an image of the exposed cervical region through the hollow cylinder;
a timer to indicate a time for capturing the image;
a processor ( 490 ) to determining presence or absence of the cervix cancer from the image; and
a visual indicator indicating a status including normal, abnormal, unclear, wherein the detachable holder ( 603 and 703 ) and the secondary unit ( 505 ) may be mounted on the speculum ( 101 ) when the blades are operative to expose the cervix region, thereby reducing the complexity of setting up the apparatus and reducing the weight of the apparatus when cervix region is prepared for capturing the image.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the mechanical structure comprises:
a handle ( 730 ) coupled to the hollow cylinder of the first blade and the flat end of the second blade by a hinge; and
a rotating screw coupled to the handle for securing the first and second blades in a desired position,
wherein pressing the handle ( 730 ) towards the flat end of the second duck-billed blade moves the first and second blades to widen vaginal walls and expose cervix region through the hollow cylinder end of the first blade.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , further comprising a acetowhite region detector to detect an acetowhite region (AR) due to reflection of light comprising:
an SGL extractor ( 214 ) to extract saturation, green and luminance components from the image to generate a feature image;
a histogram generator to generate a histogram of the feature image;
a standard deviation filter ( 216 ) to smoothen the histogram;
a threshold selector to set a threshold value equal to a value on a Gaussian Curve that is less than a mean value of the histogram;
an SR detector ( 218 ) identifying a mask area based on a first threshold value; and
a pixel filler ( 220 ) assigning the mean value to all pixels in the mask area.