Apparatus and method for performing beamforming by using antenna array in wireless communication system
The present disclosure relates to a pre-5 th -generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates beyond 4 th -generation (4G) communication system such as long term evolution (LTE). An apparatus and a method for performing beamforming by using an antenna array in a wireless communication system are provided. The apparatus includes at least one antenna array comprising antenna elements, a control unit configured to determine a number of beams to be formed through the at least one antenna array, and a communication unit configured to adjust paths associated with the antenna elements in order to configure as many antenna subsets as the number of the beams, and to form at least one beam through at least one antenna subset configured from the at least one antenna array.
1. An apparatus for performing beamforming, the apparatus comprising:
a transceiver; and
at least one processor operatively coupled with the transceiver,
wherein the at least one processor is configured to control to:
determine a number of beams to be formed through a first antenna array and a second antenna array, and
transmit a signal using at least one beam corresponding to the number of beams,
wherein, when the number of beams is equal to 1, a first polarization characteristic of the first antenna array is identical to a second polarization characteristic of the second antenna array, and
wherein, when the number of beams is equal to or greater than 2, the first polarization characteristic of the first antenna array is different from the second polarization characteristic of the second antenna array.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 ,
wherein the at least one processor is further configured to control to:
form a single beam by using the first antenna array and the second antenna array, when the number of the beams is equal to 1, and
form a beam by using the first antenna array and another beam by using the second antenna array, when the number of the beams is equal to 2.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of antenna elements of the first antenna array comprises multiple subunits configured to generate a radio wave having different polarization characteristics.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein, when the number of beams is equal to or greater than 2, the at least one processor is further configured to control to form multiple beams having different polarization characteristics.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein antenna elements of the first antenna array are arranged with a distance corresponding to a carrier frequency.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to control to determine at least one of a polarization characteristic, a beamwidth, and the number of the beams which are to be used for beam search associated with another device.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to control to:
sweep one-half of beam directions through a beam having the first polarization characteristic, and
sweep the remaining one-half of the beam directions through a beam having the second polarization characteristic.
8. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to control to:
sweep all beam directions through a beam having the first polarization characteristic, and
sweep all of the beam directions through a beam having the second polarization characteristic.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to control to transmit the signal through the beam having the first polarization characteristic and the beam having the second polarization characteristic, when a channel quality difference between the beam having the first polarization characteristic and the beam having the second polarization characteristic is less than or equal to a threshold.
10. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to control to transmit the signal through at least one beam having a polarization characteristic corresponding to better channel quality among the first polarization characteristic and the second polarization characteristic, when a channel quality difference between the beam having the first polarization characteristic and the beam having the second polarization characteristic is greater than a threshold.
11. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to control to sweep all beam directions through a beam having multiple polarization characteristics.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to control to:
determine an optimal beam direction and optimal channel quality for another device, and
determine at least one of a polarization characteristic, a beamwidth, the number of the beams, and a number of times of transmission of the feedback information for transmitting feedback information including the channel quality, based on the channel quality.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein, when a second beamwidth for transmitting the feedback information is narrower than a first beamwidth used during the determination of the channel quality, the at least one processor is further configured to control to sweep a range of the first beamwidth through a transmission beam having the second beamwidth.
14. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to control to transmit the feedback information during a resource period determined based on the channel quality.
15. A method for operating a device for performing beamforming, the method comprising:
determining a number of beams to be formed through a first antenna array and a second antenna array; and
transmitting a signal using at least one beam corresponding to the number of beams,
wherein, when the number of beams is equal to 1, a first polarization characteristic of the first antenna array is identical to a second polarization characteristic of the second antenna array, and
wherein, when the number of beams is equal to or greater than 2, the first polartization characteristic of the first antenna array is different from the second polarization characteristic of the second antenna array.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
forming one beam by using the first antenna array and the second antenna array, when the number of the beams is equal to 1; and
forming one beam by using the first antenna array and another beam by using the second antenna array, when the number of the beams is equal to 2.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein each of antenna elements of the first antenna array comprises multiple subunits configured to generate a radio wave having different polarization characteristics.
18. The method of claim 15 , further comprising when the number of beams is equal to or greater than 2, forming multiple beams having different polarization characteristics.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein antenna elements of the first antenna array are arranged with a distance corresponding to a carrier frequency.
20. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
determining at least one of a polarization characteristic, a beamwidth, and the number of the beams which are to be used for beam search associated with another device.