Circular mass accelerator
A mass acceleration system for launching objects, such as a projectile or launch vehicle, via rotational acceleration is disclosed. The system may comprise a chamber maintained at near vacuum pressure, a motor that rotates a hub attached to a tethered projectile in a circular motion inside the vacuum chamber, accelerating the projectile until the projectile reaches a desired launch speed. The projectile may be released from the tether upon reaching the desired launch speed and may exit the chamber through an exit port that is opened briefly to allow the projectile to exit. In various embodiments, the circular mass acceleration system can be used to launch a projectile into space orbit. By employing rotational acceleration via a mechanical approach, the acceleration system provides a cost-effective reusable system for launching objects.
1. An acceleration system for launching a projectile, the system comprising:
a chamber at vacuum pressure;
a tether having a first end portion, central portion, and second end portion, the first end portion connected to a projectile;
a motor that rotates a hub attached to the tether in a circular motion inside the chamber, the rotating causing the projectile to accelerate until it reaches a desired launch speed;
a release mechanism that releases the projectile from the tether once the projectile reaches the desired launch speed; and
an exit port to allow the projectile to exit from the chamber upon release from the tether.
2. The system of claim 1 further comprising:
a counterweight mass coupled to the second end portion of the tether.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the counterweight mass is released from the tether at the same time as the projectile.
4. The system of claim 2 , wherein the counterweight mass is liquid-based.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the chamber has an inverted roof.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the chamber is of a circular shape.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the exit port is kept closed until the release mechanism releases the projectile from the tether.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the tether is tapered in geometry such that the first end portion and second end portion are of less mass than the central portion.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the projectile comprises an onboard rocket to provide additional required velocity for the projectile to enter a space orbit.
10. An acceleration system for launching a projectile, the system comprising:
a chamber at vacuum pressure, the chamber comprising an inverted dome-shaped roof structure comprising a plurality of roof panels under tension;
a tether comprising a first end coupled to a projectile in proximity to an edge of the chamber and a second end coupled to a motor at a center of the chamber, the motor causing the tether and the projectile to rotate in a circular motion until the projectile reaches a desired launch speed;
a release mechanism that releases the projectile from the tether once the projectile reaches the desired launch speed; and
an exit port to allow the projectile to exit from the chamber upon release from the tether.
11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the vacuum pressure within the chamber is less than 10 −1 torr.
12. The system of claim 10 , wherein the vacuum pressure is selected to reduce aerodynamic drag and aerodynamic heating of the tether.
13. The system of claim 10 , wherein the exit port comprises a membrane that is pierced by the projectile as the projectile exits the chamber.
14. The system of claim 10 , wherein the exit port comprises a high-speed shutter that opens to allow the projectile to pass through the exit port.
15. The system of claim 10 , wherein the projectile is a space vehicle.
16. A method for launching a projectile, the method comprising:
coupling a projectile to a tether within a vacuum;
removing at least a portion of air within a chamber to create a vacuum condition within the chamber;
rotating the tether and the coupled projectile in a circular motion until a speed of the projectile reaches a desired launch speed;
releasing the projectile from the tether; and
launching the projectile from the chamber out an exit port.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein removing at least a portion of the air within the chamber comprises removing at least a portion of the air within the chamber such that a pressure within the chamber is 10 −2 torr or less.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein rotating the tether and the coupled projectile in a circular motion comprises rotating the tether and the coupled projectile in a circular motion until centrifugal forces on the projectile reach 10,000-20,000 g.
19. The method of claim 16 , further comprising simultaneously releasing a counterweight when the projectile is released from the tether.